196 
the European ones, but I possess also 
from Europe nearly as small ones as the 
small American specimens. I am_ not 
able to find any difference between the 
American and European specimens. 
Mr. Riley has bred three specimens 
from a little bounding leafgall of glob- 
ular shape, 1 mm. in diameter, shorter 
than broad; a small round opening was 
eaten out, and inside of the gall was a 
The fact of a Psocus 
galls 
crushed membrane. 
being raised from is very long 
published, — but overlooked. 
Linné, Fn. Suec., ed. 1, 1746, described, 
no: 941, one species as Tenthredo, and 
always 
in ed. 2, no: 1532, the same as Cynips 
Professor Zaddach and 
I have raised apparently the same spe- 
cies from willow galls belonging to Teras 
The Psocus is only an inqui- 
line and proved to be C. pedicularius. 
The description of Ps. pusillus, Harris 
Corresp., p. 331, differs from C. pedicu- 
lurius; the size is the same. As the 
description was made from the living 
insect, the identity is not impossible. 
C. pedicularius is an aberrant species 
in the genus, being the only one known 
to me with a tooth before the tip of the 
claws; if the tarsi were three-jointed it 
could scarcely be separated from Eili- 
All species of Caecilius known 
to me, or rather all till now examined, 
living or fossil, do not possess teeth on 
the claws. 
The claws of many psocina and also 
of C. pedicularius possess a very curious 
structure. The basis of the claw is 
somewhat enlarged below in the manner 
of a blunt projection with what appear 
to be two strong bristles, that nearer 
salicis strobili. 
terminalis. 
psocus. 
PSYCHE. 
to the basis shorter and thinner than the 
other one, which is often as long as or 
longer than the claw, more or less bent 
This 
last one is, as I was able to make out by 
aud ineurved, and thicker on tip. 
the microscope, no bristle at all, but a 
kind of hose open on tip and seemingly 
finely striated. If the hose is not dilated 
it imitates a bristle, and the thicker tip 
is formed by the closed mouth of the 
hose. If dilated it forms a kind of long 
funnel, the mouth « little larger, circular 
and as it seems evaginated. In a few 
cases I was able to observe in the interior 
of the funnel a large number of very fine 
threads ending in a little knob. 
able to see this hose more or less well 
I was 
in amber species and among living ones 
in C. pedicularius, C. lasiopterus, and 
I did not observe 
it in atropina (Empheria excepted) nor 
in Psocus sensu strictiori, except in the 
amber species Ps. affinis, but my obser- 
vations are not yet finished. To see the 
structure of the hose well a very strong 
immersion power is needed. I have no 
explanation of the use of it, and know 
of no similar structure in other insects. 
The tarsi of Thrips are the only ones to 
be compared with it, nevertheless they 
are very different. As psocina need no 
suckers to fix them to the spot, I am at 
a loss to understand its use. I may 
state that teeth on the claws of the 
psocina are very common; Atropos has 
two and Amphientomum five on each 
claw. Several genera show a comb on 
the last joints of the tarsus. A series of 
tubercles formed by a kind of shield with 
five short spines have on top a longer and 
stronger spine, which forms the comb. 
( To be continued.) 
Elipsocus westwoodii. 
