~~. 
ASTCHE. 
Lubbock, Sir J: On British wild flowers 
considered in relation to insects. With 
numerous illustrations. Lond.. Macmillan 
and Co., 1875. 186 p., 18X12, t15X8.5: 
130 fig. 
*“Germ. tr., by A. Passow, entitled ‘Blu- 
men und Insecten in ihrer Wechselbezie- 
hung dargestellt. Nach der 2e Auflage.’ 
Berl., Borntrager, 1877. 8vo.” 
Rev., by J. B., under full title. (Journ. 
of botany, 1875, v- 13, n-S., V- 4, p- I57-) 
Rey. of Germ. tr., by [Ernst] K[rause ]. 
(Kosmos. June 1877, v. 1, p. 275, 18 cm.) 
In this popular book —one of the “Nature series” — 
the author summarizes the studies of Sprengel, Miiller, 
Darwin, Hildebrand and others on the mutual relations 
between flowers and insects, considering more especially 
the British flora. W: T. (2528) 
Lubbock, S77 J: Common wild flowers con- 
sidered in relation to insects. Address 
delivered at the Belfast meeting of the Brit- 
ish association for the advancement of sci- 
ence, Aug. 1874. (Nature, 1874, v. Io: 
17 Sept., p. 402-406; 24 Sept., p. 422-426.) 
Describes, with the use of numerous figures, the 
mutual adaptations between flowers and insects, and the 
benefit resulting to both from the relations which are 
maintained between them, W: T. (2520) 
Ludwig, Fritz. Die Befruchtung der Pflan- 
zen durch Hilfe der Insekten und die 
Theorie Darwin’s von der Entstehung der 
Arten. Inaugural-Dissertation. Bielefeld. 
Velhagen & Klasing, 1867. t.-p. cover, 35 
p., 22X14, t 16.5X9.5. 
The author shows that some flowers are adapted for 
constant crossing, others for occasional crossing, others 
for constant self-fertilization. He argues that variability 
and cross-fertilization are strong arguments against the 
Darwinian theory of the origin of species, which he 
believes cannot ie explained in the present state of our 
knowledge. WERT A580) 
MacLeod, Jules. Contribution a l’étude du 
role des insectes dans la pollinisation des 
fleurs hétérostyles, Arzmuda elatior. (Bull. 
de l’acad. roy. de Belgique, July 1880, s. 2, 
Vv. 50, p- 27-33.) ae 
Abstract, with same title. (Bibliotheque 
universelle; Archives des sci... Oct. 1880. 
V. 4, p- 422-423.) 
An undetermined species of bombus, while inserting 
its tongue into the flowers of primu/a elatior for nectar, 
transfers pollen from the long stamens to the long pistil, 
and from the short stamens to the short pistil, effecting 
legitimate unions of both sorts. B. muscorum, on the 
pO hand, bites through the corolla at the level of the 
short stamens, and, introducing her head through the 
opening thus made, obtains the nectar, but in doing so 
merely transfers pollen from the short stamens to the 
short pistils, the pistils of the long-styled flowers re- 
maining unfertilized. Wea (2535) 
[2528-2539] 283 
McGann, T. Bees and flowers. 
gossip, Feb. 1877, p. 44, 3 cm.) 
States that bombus gathered nectar from aconitum 
and from fuchsia until September, when they were 
superseded by apis mellifica, which also gather nectar 
from tritoma. W: T. (2532) 
(Science 
Marshall, W. C. Fertilization by moths. 
(Nature, 12 Sept. 1872, v. 6, p. 393, 3cm.) 
Records the capture “on an island of less than six 
acres [2.4 Ha.], in the middle of Derwentwater, of 
20 specimens of the common ‘shark’ moth (cacullia 
umbratica) ; of these, seven had the pollinia of the but- 
terfly orchis (habenaria chlorantha) sticking to their 
eyes.”’ No plants of this orchid growing on the island, 
the moths must have carried the pollinia from places 
at least a half-mile [0.8 Km.] from that where they were 
taken. [hile GGT) 
Mayet, Valéry, see LICHTENSTEIN, Jules and Valéry 
Mayet, Etude sur le gribouri.. . [Rec., 2524]. 
Michels, H. Beschreibung des Nerven- 
systems von oryctes ... [Rec., 1979]. 
Rev. and abstract, entitled, ‘‘Change in 
the nervous system of beetles during meta- 
morphosis.” (Amer. nat., Jan. 1881, v. 15, 
p- 58-59.) G: D. (2534) 
Minot, C: Sedgwick. A sketch of compar- 
ative entomology. (Amer. nat., Dec. 1880. 
v. 14, p. 871-880, fig. 20-28.) 
Change from larva to pupa, and from pupa to butter- 
fly is really gradual, though apparently sudden; figures 
transverse section of a gastric coecum of caloptenus 
spretus illustrating use of longitudinal folds to increase 
the surface: insect tracheae derived from ectoderm. 
G: D. (2535) 
Moggridge, J..Traherne. The fertilization 
of fumariaceae. (Nature. 7 May 1874. v. 
TOP> 5515) €mi:.) 
Describes the fertilization of fumaria capreolata var. 
pallidifiora by a mason-bee [osmia]. Also notes the 
visits of ap7s to reseda phyteuma. Witte (2536) 
Monks, Sarah P. Curious habit of a dragon- 
fly. (Amer. nat., Feb. 1881, v. 15, p. 141.) 
Larva of aeschna throws water for defence as well 
as for propulsion. G: D. (2537) 
Morris, G. K. A_ new leaf-cutting ant. 
(Amer. nat., Feb. 1881, v. 15, p. 100-102.) 
Description of the nest of an ant (? a¢ta.) 
G: D. (2538) 
Muhr, Josef. Die Mundtheile der Insecten 
dargestellt auf 5 Wandtafeln. Prag, H. 
Dominicus, 1879. t.-p., 1 p. expl. of pl., 
5 pl., incover. 63X44, t 38X53. M. 7.32. 
Figures, on a large scale, the mouth-parts of gry/lus 
campestris, carabus intricatus, apis mellifica, pieris 
brassicae, pyrrhocoris aptera and culex - Accor- 
ding to Zool. Anzeiger, 29 Dec. 1879, jahrg. 2, p. 657, 
this is the edition of 1878, with new tote 
G: D. (2539) 
