284 [2540-2552] 
Mubhr, Joseph. Die Mundtheile der Ortho- 
ptera, ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Anato- 
mie. (4ter Jahresbericht tiber das deutsche 
Staats-Realgymnasium in Prag . 1875- 
1876, p. 1-16, pl. 1-2.) 
General remarks upon mouth-parts of insects; 
special treatment of the mouth-parts of forficulina, 
blattina, mantodea and phasmodea; figures whole or 
parts of the mouth-parts of forficula minor, pertplaneta 
ortentalts, blatta germanica and mantis religiosa. 
G: D. (2540) 
Miiller, Fritz. Ueber die Befruchtung der 
martha (posoguerta?) fragrans. (Bot. 
Zeitung, 27 Apr. 1866, v. 24, c. 129-133, pl. 
O:78)) 
Crit. rev., by C: Wright, entitled ‘‘Cross 
fertilization.” (Amer. nat., Oct. 1868, v. 
2, P- 437-440-) 
Describes the structure of this Brazilian plant, and 
its very remarkable adaptations to cross-fertilization 
by insects. A note in of. c7t.,8 Mar. 1867, v. 25,¢. 80, 
makes a slight correction to this article. Wy: 7. (2541) 
Miiller, Fritz. Befruchtungsversuche an 
cip6 alho, dégnonia. (Bot. Zeitung, 25 
Sept. 1868, v. 26, c. 625-629. ) 
States that pollination is effected by bugs, beetles, and 
humble-bees. The greater part of the paper consists in 
an account of experiments which demonstrate the self- 
impotence of the pollen of the species in question. 
Wei Z. 
Miiller, Fritz. Habits of ants, &c. 
17 Feb. 1876, v. 13; p- 305, 16cm.) 
States that cecropia trees in Brazil are protected 
from leaf-cutting ants by other ants that are attracted 
to the plant by outgrowths, rich in protoplasm, at the 
bases of the leaf-stalks. Living in the hollow stems, 
this protecting army is thus kept constantly on the 
tree. Describes the manner of pupation of a chalcid 
parasite of this ant. W; T. (2543) 
Miiller, Fritz. Uber die von den Tricho- 
pterenlarven der Provinz Santa Catharina 
verfertigten Gehiuse. [Aus den] Archivos 
de musev national, vol. III, p. 99-134, p. 
209-214. Rio de Janeiro, 1880. _Aus dem 
Portugiesischen iibersetzt von dem Bruder 
des Verfassers, Dr. Hermann Miiller, in 
Lippstadt. (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 1880, 
bd. 35, p- 47-87, pl. 4-5.) 
Describes and figures the larval-cases of a large 
number of larvae of trichoptera; with numerous bio- 
logical notes. G: D. (2544) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 3. On the coexistence of two 
forms of flowers in the. same species or 
genus: a more conspicuous one adapted to 
cross fertilization by insects, and a less 
conspicuous one adapted to self fertiliza- 
tion. (Nature, 25 Sept. 1873, v. 8, p. 433- 
435-) 
Describes the two sorts of flowers in /ysimachia vul- 
aris, euphrasia officinalis and rhinanthus crista-galli, 
indicating the insects which fertilize the larger flowers. 
W: T. (2545) 
(2542) 
(Nature, 
PSYCHE. 
Miller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 4. On the two forms of flower 
of viola tricolor, and on their different 
mode of fertilization. (Nature, 20 Noy. 
1873, V- 9. Pp. 44-46. ) : 
Describes large and small flowered forms, the former 
fertilized by insects, the latter occasionally visited by 
insects but adapted to regular self-fertilization, The 
flowers are figured in eight wood-cuts. Lists of the 
insects taken on them are given. W; T. (2546) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 5. More conspicuous flowers 
adapted to cross-fertilization and less con- 
spicuous ones adapted to self-fertilization, 
occurring in different species of the same 
genus. (Nature, 1 Jan. 1874, v. 9, p. 164- 
166. ) 
Compares some species of malva, epilobium and 
polygonum, which illustrate the subject in question. 
W: T. (2547) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 6. Different modes of self-fer- 
tilization where visits of insects are wanting. 
(Nature, 18 June 1874, v. 10, p. 129-130.) 
Discusses the fertilization of myosurus minima and 
myosotis versicolor; noting the insects which sometimes 
fertilize them, and showing how self-fertilization is se- 
cured in default of their visits. W: T. (2548) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 7. Butterflies the most frequent 
visitors of alpine flowers. (Nature, 12 Noy. 
1874, V. II, p- 32-33-) 
Shows the relative proportion of apidae, lepidoptera 
and other insects taken upon flowers at high altitudes. 
W: T. (2549) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 8. Alpine species adapted to 
cross-fertilization by butterflies, while the 
most nearly allied species which inhabit 
the plain or lower mountain region are 
adapted to cross-fertilization by bees. (Na- 
ture, 10 Dec. 1874, v. II, p- I10-£12.) 
Contrasts alpine and lowland species of daphne, pri- 
mula and rhinanthus, showing the changes which the 
flowers of the alpine species have undergone to adapt 
them to the lepidoptera which are their most frequent 
visitors, W: T. (2550) 
Miiller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. g. Alpine orchids adapted to 
cross-fertilization by butterflies. (Nature, 
am Dec. 1874, V., lisope 260-5 7m) 
Shows that while only 12-15 per cent. of the Westpha- 
lian lowland or hill orchids are adapted to fertilization 
by butterflies, these insects are the chief fertilizers of 
alpine species, 60-80 per cent. of which show special 
modifications by which they are enabled to profit by the 
visits of butterflies. W: T. (2551) 
Miller, Hermann. Fertilization of flowers 
by insects. 10. Léleum martagon. (Na- 
ture, 20 May 1875, v. 12. p. 50-51, 35 cm.) 
Shows that the flowers are adapted to fertilization by 
diurnal lepidoptera, and shows how this is effected by 
macroglossa stellatarum inthe Vosges. W: T. (2552) 
