‘a 
PSYCHE. 
Trelease, W: The mutual relations between 
flowers and the insects which serve to cross 
them. (Amer. nat., July 1879, v. 13, p- 
451-452.) 
Abstract of H: Miiller’s ‘‘Die Wechselbeziehungen 
zwischen den Blumen und den ihre Kreuzung vermitteln- 
den Insekten [Rec., 2575]. W: T. (2614) 
Trelease, W: Plant-feeding ground-beetles. 
(Amer. entom., Oct. 1880, v. 3, n. S., Vv. I, 
Pe 25i, 9 Ci.) 
Finds large numbers of the carabid, harpalus caligt- 
nosus, feeding on the green fruit of ambrosia artemtsiae- 
folia. We: @; (2615) 
Weale, J. P. Mansel. Some observations on 
the fertilization of disa macrantha. (Journ. 
inn. Soc, bot., 23 Nov. 1870, v.13; p- 
45-47-) 
Believes the flowers adapted to fertilization by diurnal 
and nocturnal insects, but has not proved this by direct 
observation. W: T. (2616) 
Weismann, August. Studien zur Descend- 
enz-Theorie. 1. Ueber den Saison-Dimor- 
phismus der Schmetterlinge. Mit 2 Farb- 
endrucktafeln. [Separat aus Annali del 
Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 
1874, v. 6.] Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1875. 
te-p- cover, 4-|-95 p-, 2. col. pl., 26X17, t 18 
X10. pam., M. 4. 
Abstract, entitled, ‘‘ Ueber den Saison- 
Dimorphismus der Schmetterlinge.” (En- 
tom. Nachrichten. 1875, jahrg. 1: 1 May, 
p- 69-75; 15 May, p. 77-78.) 
Notice. (Entom. Nachrichten, 1 Apr. 
1877, jahrg. 3. p. 59.) 
Crit. rev. (J. Schilde’s ‘‘Gegen pseudo- 
doxische Transmutationslehren”... [Rec. 
2608 J.) 
Engl. tr., by R. Meldola, with prefatory 
notice by C: Darwin, entitled ‘‘Studies in 
Efestheoryeot descent, Part x. On the 
seasonal dimorphism of butterflies.” With 
original communications by W: H: Ed- 
wards. Lond., Sampson Low, 1880. 8vo., 
with 2 col. pl. 8 sh.—[ Record compiled 
from notices in Naturae novitates, March 
1880, p. 51; Amer. nat., June 1880, v. 14, 
p- 468; and Zool. Anzeiger. 23 Aug. 1880, 
jahrg. 3, p. 410. | 
Discusses the meaning, origin, and causes of seasonal 
dimorphism, and the relation of seasonal dimorphism 
to climatic varieties and to alternation of generation. 
The plates illustrate forms of vanessa /evana, pterts 
napt, papilio ajax, lycaena agestis, polyommatus phlaeas 
and pararga egeria. G: D. (2617) 
What the birds eat. (Springfield [Mass.] d. 
republican, 13 Aug. 1880, p. 3, col. 1,25 cm.) 
Abstract of a paper read at a meeting of the Ontario 
agricultural commission by ‘* William E. Saunders, the 
well-known Canadian ornithologist.’?> Abstract consists 
mostly of notes on the kinds of insects eaten by differ- 
ent birds. G: D. (2618) 
[2614-2625 ] 289 
White, F. Buchanan. Winter fertilization 
by agency of insects. (Journ. of botany, 
TS 72 0v LOw HS V. Ly pe 40, 6. CUl.) 
Criticises certain statements in W. E. Hart’s ‘Winter 
fertilization” (Journ. of botany, 1872, v.10, n.S., v. 1, 
p. 25-25) [Rec., 2425], in regard to the abundance of 
insects on flowers in winter. W: T. (2619) 
Wilson, A. Stephen. On the association of 
an inconspicuous corolla with proterogy- 
nous dichogamy in insect-fertilized flowers. 
(Rept. British assoc. advance. sci., 1878, p. 
564-567.) 
Shows that the inconspicuous proterogynous flowers 
of scrophularia are tertilized by wasps, which visit 
them for their nectar, From numerous observations 
he concludes that as a rule these insects begin with the 
uppermost flower, and work downward, instead of 
starting with the lowest and working upward as bees do, 
Since a part of their food consists of living prey, likely 
to elude them in many cases, the writer believes their 
powers of perception to be more acute than those of 
bees; hence they should find flowers so inconspicuous 
as to be overlooked by bees, and as the latter, from their 
order of visiting the flowers, would effect close fertiliza- 
tion within a given plant in the case of proterogynous 
species, instead of crossing the flowers of different plants, 
he concludes that it is advantageous to many proterogy- 
nous plants to have inconspicuous flowers, which would 
be found only by the wasps upon which they rely for 
their pollination. W: JT. (2620) 
Wilson, A. Stephen. Some mechanical ar- 
rangements subserving cross-fertilization of 
plants by insects. (Rept. British assoc. 
advance. sci., 1878, p. 568, 5 cm.) 
Shows the use of floral peculiarities of vinca, pingut- 
cula and digitalis. Does not record any insect visits. 
W: T. (2621) 
Wright, C: Cross fertilization. 
nat., Oct. 1868, v. 2, p- 437-440.) 
Describes structure of flowers of posoguerta, by which 
cross-fertilization by the aid of insects with long pro- 
boscis is secured and close-fertilization prevented. Crit- 
icises Fritz Miiller’s studies in his ‘‘Ueber die Befrucht- 
ung der martha ( posoqueria?) fragrans” (Bot. Zeitung, 
27 Apr. 1866, v. 24, c. 129-133) [ Rec., 2541], on a Brazilian 
species of posogueria. W: T. (2622) 
(Amer. 
Yeoman, D. S. [Cork linings for insect 
cases.] (Bull. Brooklyn entom. soc., 1878- 
1676; Lvs 1; (p- 8; 2, 245.325 ‘40, 51, 60,68, 
76, 84, 92.) 
Advertisement. BeP iM (2623) 
Young, H. W. Fertilization of gerardia 
flava, L. (Bulletin Torrey bot. club, 
Sept. 1873, v-.4, p>» 41,5 cm.) 
Describes the actions. of a hive-bee [apis mellifica| 
while collecting pollen. V: T. (2624) 
Zoological notes. (Amer. nat., Oct. 1880, 
Vv. 14, P- 739-740-) 
Includes statement by W.S. Ball, that swarms ot 
apis mellifica destroyed nearly half his grapes; notices 
of descriptions of the stridulating organs of arachnida, 
and of descriptions, by Keyserling, of new species of 
arachnida from the U.S. and from S, A. 
B: PM, (2625) 
