334 [2734-2748] 
Thomas, Cyrus. Notes on orthoptera. (Can. . 
entom., Nov. 1880, v. 12, p. 221-224.) 
Notes on oedipoda obliterata (new species), 0. caro- 
lina, anabrus haldemanti, cratypedes putnam and hip- 
piscus Iineatus. G: D. (2734) 
Thomson. G: M. The flowering plants of 
New Zealand, and their relation to the 
insect fauna. (Trans. bot. soc., Edinburgh, 
8 July 1880, v. 14, p- 91-105.) 
The author does not entirely agree with the statements 
in A. R. Wallace’s ‘Geographical distribution of ani- 
mals” as to the exceptional rarity of fragrant and nec- 
tariferous flowers and of flower-frequenting insects in 
New Zealand. He states that there are 18 butterflies, 
many hundred species of moths—all rich in individuals 
—1300 coleoptera, 10 bees and ‘‘many other families [of 
hymenoptera] fairly-well represented,’ many flower- 
visiting heteroptera, and go-95 diptera. Neuroptera, or- 
t hoptera and homoptera are omitted, as not bearing on the 
subject. Of 262 species belonging to 132 genera of plants 
—not including the lower endogens—139 have conspicu- 
ous flowers, nectar was found in 99, and 64 were noted 
as fragrant. 110 are absolutely incapable of self-fertiliz- 
ation, 63 of these being entomophilous; of the remain- 
ing 152, 96 are more or less dependent on insects, 8 are 
fertilized by birds. From his observations, the writer 
seems inclined to believe that most diptera are attracted 
to flowers chiefly by smell, while most coleoptera, lepi- 
doptera and hymenoptera are attracted by sight. 
W: T. (2735) 
(** Scientific 
Dec. 1880. 
Tincture of insect powder. 
american.) (New remedies, 
V. 9; p- 375, 3 cm.) 
Tincture of Persian insect powder [pyrethrum] rec- 
ommended to be used withan atomizer to killflies and 
other insects. G: D. (2736) 
Trelease, W: Action of bees toward zmfa- 
tiens fulva. (Bull. Torrey bot. club, Feb. 
1880, v. 7; p- 20-21, II cm.) 
Notes the behavior of a hive bee [apis mellifica| 
while visiting flowers whose nectaries had not been 
perforated previously by some other insect, and while 
visiting perforated flowers. W: T. (2737) 
Trelease. W: Dr. Hermann Miiller’s Al- 
penblumen. (Psyche, Feb. [ July] 1881. 
Vide Powys; 25 cme) 
Rey. of H. Miiller’s “*Alpenblumen, ihre Befruchtung 
durch Insekten, und ihre Anpassungen an dieselben” 
[Rec., 2175 ]- W? Tie (2988) 
Trelease. W: The fertilization of salvia 
splendens by birds. (Amer. nat., April 
1881, v- 15, p- 265-269, I fig.) 
Describes the mode of fertilization of some species 
of salvia by insects. G: D. (2739) 
Trelease, W: The fertilization of scrophu- 
laria. (Bull. Torrey bot. club, Dec. 1881, 
v. 8, p. 133-140, 4 figs. ) 
Shows how crossing is effected by insects, chiefly 
wasps. Appended is a list of papers in which the 
pollination of scrophularta is discussed. W: T. (2740) 
PSC: 
Trelease, W: Nectar, its nature, occurrence 
and uses [Rec., 2475]. 
Notice. (Amer. nat., Sept. 1880, v. 14, 
p- 669. ) 
Rev., with full title. 
1880, v. 
(Amer. nat., Nov. 
14, p. 803.) G: D. (2741) 
Treviranus, Ludolph Christian. Nachtrag- 
liche Bemerkungen iiber die Befruchtung 
einiger Orchideen. (Bot. Zeitung, 7 Aug. 
1863, v. 21, p. 241-243.) 
Rey., entitled ‘*Dimorphic flowers.” 
(Nat. hist. rev.. Apr. 1864. v. 4, no. 14, p. 
243-248. ) 
Considers the floral structure of several species of 
ophrys, orchis and Ghee as adapted to self-fertiliza- 
tion, or to crossing by aid of insects. W: T. (2742) 
[United States entomological commis- 
sion, Notice of the work of the.] (Spring. 
field [Mass.] d. republican, 8 Oct. 1880, p- 
4. cole 4,3 cm.) G: D. (2743) 
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Bees killed by 
tritoma. (Nature, 15 Nov. 1877. v. 17, p- 
2555 Cit.) 
States that hive bees [apis mel/ifica| become wedged 
in the flowers of this plant, while after nectar, and are 
unable to escape. W: T° tages) 
Wazx in Chili. (Journ. applied sci., April 
LOL, V- 125 Pp: ssh) em) 
Statistics of bees and their wax-production in Chili- 
G: D. (2745) 
Webster. Francis M. Cecropia cocoons 
punctured by the hairy woodpecker. (A- 
mer. nat., March 1881, v. 15, p. 241-242.) 
(Separate [General notes; entomology], 
from Amer. nat., Mar. 1881, p. 241-242.) 
Cocoons of attacus cecropia are picked open and the 
pupa eaten by frcus villosus. G; D. (2746) 
Wilson. Alexander Stephen. Observatigns 
and experiments on ergot. (Trans. bot. 
soc. Edinburgh. 7 Dec. 1875, v. 12, p. 418- 
434, pl. 5-) 
States (p. 428-429) that the drops of ‘thoney-dew” 
containing the sphacelra-spores are attractive to about six 
species of diftera. House-flies died after drinking the 
fluid. W: T. (2747) 
White, F. Buchanan. The influence of in- 
sect agency in the distribution of plants. 
(Journ. of botany. Jan. 1873. v. 11, n. S.. v. 
2,.p: I1-13.) 
Discusses the influence of sphinx convolvuli in the 
pollination of convolvulus sepium; and of. dianthoecia 
in that of s‘lene and /ychnis, upon the green seeds of 
which the larvae feed. " Believes insects to be the agents 
in the production of hybrids in carduus. Notes some 
of the flowers more especially frequented by me/igethes. 
Considers the value of the thoracic crest of many noc- 
turnal moths, in retaining pollen of the flowers they 
visit and cross-fertilize. W: -T. (748) 
