54 Psyche [June 
“ee 
g?” in Fig. 18, since it may correspond to the structure labeled 
pu,” instead; but I have provisionally adopted the interpreta- 
tion indicated by the labeling. In most of the Panorpa-group 
there are one or two pairs of dorsal valves (dorsovalve), “dv’’ of 
Figs. 21, 23, 24, ete., and a pair of ventral valve (ventrovalve), 
“vv” of Figs. 23, 26, ete., and it is possible that certain of these 
valve may represent the penis hooks of Neuroptera, etc. 
The anal tubercle “ap” of Fig. 21, bears at its base a pair of 
ee be 
appendages “c”’ whose location suggests that they are homologous 
with the so-called cerci “ce” at the base of the median terminal 
structure “sa” of Figs. 18 and 22. On this account, I would 
consider the structure “ap” of Fig. 21 as homologous with the 
structure “‘sa?” of Figs. 18 and 22, although I am not certain 
whether the structure labeled ‘“‘sa?” in Figs. 18 and 22 is the epi- 
proct “sa, or the proctiger “ap,” of other insects. Tuillyard 
describes a pair of segmented cerci in Nannochorista (Fig. 28, 
«“< 99 
c’’), which appear to be homologous with the structures labeled 
“ce” in Figs. 21, 23, ete., and on this account I have interpreted the 
latter structures as the cerci. J am not certain of the correctness 
of my interpretation of the structures labeled “‘c,” as the cerci, 
and the structures labeled “‘dv,” as the dorsal valve, in Fig. 24 
of Merope; but have provisionally adopted this method of homol- 
ogizing them. The projecting ventral process “‘co” of Fig. 26, 
may be homologous with the columna, and if the latter is repre- 
sented by the coiled filament “sf” of Figs. 18 and 22, the structure 
labeled ‘“‘co” in Fig. 26 is doubtless to be homologized with the 
coiled filament “‘sf”’ also. 
The phallus “‘pe” is large and prominent in Boreus (Fig. 20), 
and the hypandrium “hy” is well developed in this insect. In 
Panorpodes (Fig. 27) the structure which is here interpreted as 
the hypandrium “‘hy’’ shows a marked tendency to become long 
drawn out and furcate, although the cleft at its apex is not very 
deep. In the Panorpid shown in Fig. 26, however, the hypandrium 
“hy” is deeply cleft, and the two arms of the fork are compara- 
tively long and narrow. The character of the hypandrium fork, 
the valve, etc., should be as valuable features for the purpose of 
classification as any structures, and it is surprising that they are 
not more employed in taxonomic keys. 
The gonopods “‘g”’ of the Mecoptera here figured are composed 
of two segments. The basal one “pa?” of Fig. 23 may possibly 
«6 
