60 Psyche [June 
The minute, elliptical shaped eggs are laid on the under sides of 
young leaves near the margins, from 25 to 200 having been found 
in a single, elongated, irregular cluster. The leaves containing 
eggs were always found to be rolled in tightly and downwardly 
toward the midrib. The nymphs feed within the curled leaves and 
during the summer all stages of the insect can be found at the same 
time upon the same tree showing that egg deposition evidently 
extends over several weeks. The nymphs are covered over with 
white, waxy masses excreted from their bodies. Inside of a curled 
leaf can also be found globules of honey dew covered over with a 
waxy material and in many cases colonies of mealy bugs. The 
last stage nymphs move out of this sticky mess just before the adult 
is ready to emerge and rest on a drier and cleaner portion of the 
leaf just beyond the pseudo-gall. 
About the middle of July adults of the first brood are appearing 
showing that about six weeks are required for a complete life cycle. 
About the first of September adults of a second brood ean be found. 
These continue to appear for a month or so longer, even as late as 
November when the trees are in storage, provided the weather is 
not cold. The cool days during the fall undoubtedly prolong the 
numphal stages which are active only during warm weather and 
and this accounts for the delayed time over which the adults appear. 
These adults remain on the trees during the winter, many of them 
clustering around the pseudo-galls. On cold days they can be 
collected without difficulty on account of their dormant condition. 
On warm days during the winter the temperature of the storage 
house rises and at that time the adults are active when disturbed. 
While contact insecticides are useful, it is impossible to reach 
the nymphs in the curled leaves which are protected still further 
by wax and honey dew. In New Jersey almost complete killing 
was secured in one case by fumigating with tobacco smoke as for 
aphids while the trees were in storage and heavenly infested by 
overwintering adults. Hydrocyanic acid gas has also been used 
with success (See Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, Vol. II, 
p. 482). It is the practice of some firms to have their men go over 
infested trees and pick off all curled infested leaves, but this is a 
slow process in a large establishment. 
Egg: Length 0.2 mm., greatest width 0.1 mm. Outline oval 
with distal end acutely pointed, rounded at basal end. Acute 
