26 PALEOZOIC FISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
north of Lake Erie, where the characteristic fossils of the New York Oris- 
kany are associated with those of the Corniferous limestone, spines of 
Macheracanthus and fragments of plates with a stellate tuberculation, pro- 
bably of Macropetalichthys, have been found. 
The Caudagalli grit occurs only over a limited area in eastern New 
York, and is a local exhibition of the passage from the coarser Oriskany 
sandstone to the calcareous beds above. So far it has yielded only one 
fossil, the sea-weed Spirophyton, but it is almost certain that careful search 
in it will bring to ight other things. 
The Schoharie grit is only a local siliceous phase of the basal portion 
of the Corniferous limestone, deposited in some off-shore locality where 
sometimes half the mass was land-wash. Its fossils are essentially the same 
as those of the Corniferous limestone, and the remains of fishes are not 
unfrequently found in it. Among these I have seen some fragments that 
belonged to species which are certainly new, but they hardly suffice for sat- 
isfactory description. The remains of two yet undescribed fishes have 
been recently sent to me from Schoharie, N. Y., by Mr. W. G. Gebhard; 
one a Placoderm, with tuberculated Plates; of the other I have only a por- 
tion of a bone, apparently belonging to the shoulder girdle, and of which 
the exposed surface is closely set with large, rounded, smooth tubercles, 
resembling those of Aspidichthys and it may possibly have belonged to a 
fish of that genus. 
SECTION A.—FISHES OF THE CORNIFEROUS LIMESTONE, 
The Corniferous limestone was the open-sea deposit of the Devonian 
age; having several lines of outcrop extending from Canada to Tennessee 
and being quarried in many localities for lime and building stone, its fossils 
are as well known as those of any other element in the geologic column. 
In the State of New York the Corniferous limestone, including the Onon- 
daga, is perhaps sixty feet in thickness. It contains there considerable 
bituminous and some earthy matter, but is mainly carbonate of lime. In 
Ohio it is thicker, and contains much more magnesia. About the line of the 
Cumberland River in Kentucky it runs out, showing that the basin in 
which it was deposited did not extend farther to the southeast, but it com- 
