126 PALEOZOIC FISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
Before closing this notice of the fishes of the Waverly in Ohio, I 
should refer to the discovery by Mr. M. C. Read, at Warren, Ohio, of a 
splendid dorsal spine (Ctenacanthus formosus'); also to a true fish-bed, filled 
with bones and teeth, generally fragments, discovered by Mr. McGuire at 
Youngstown. There is no doubt that the Waverly formation will prove to 
be rich in fossil fishes at various localities, and many new things are yet to 
be found in it. The great success which has attended the search of Messrs. 
Terrell, Clark, Gould, Hertzer, and Wagner in northern Ohio is an evidence 
of their energy and sagacity, rather than of any local richness of the deposit. 
It is altogether probable also that the Waverly of southern Ohio, Kentucky, 
western Pennsylvania, and Michigan offers fields which will as well reward 
thorough cultivation. 
Dr. C. Rominger has kindly sent to me a collection of fish remains ob- 
tained in the Waverly rocks at Grindstone City, Mich., in which, with many 
imperfectly preserved specimens, are several spines and teeth of new species 
of sharks; and, what is of special interest, a splendid tooth of Orodus ramosus, 
Ag., one of the most characteristic fossils of the Carboniferous limestone of 
Armagh, Ireland. 
Section D.—FiIsHes oF THE CLEVELAND SHALE. 
The Cleveland shale, though a formation which never exceeds one 
hundred feet in thickness—generally less than one-half that—and occupying 
a limited area in northeastern Ohio, has proved to be the most interesting 
of all the fish-bearing strata in North American geology. It therefore 
deserves a few more words than are devoted to the description of the asso- 
ciated rocks. As already stated, it is represented in my reports on the 
geology of Ohio as a part of the Waverly series and of Carboniferous age. 
It is found outcropping in the hills which border the valley of the Cuyahoga, 
and good exposures of it are seen within the limits of the city of Cleveland. 
It is there fifty feet in thickness, a homogeneous mass of bituminous shale, 
and was one of the first strata distinctly identified when, at the organization 
of the Geological Survey of Ohio in 1869, the work of making out the 
geological structure of the State began. In all this region the rocks have 
! Paleontology of Ohio, vol. 2, pl. 59, fig. 1. 
