31 
Braemar parasite also resembles Lecidea oxysporella, Ny). 
(Prodr., p. 145), which affects Cladonia digitata, Hffm. 
(b) Fogstuen (3150 ft.), Dovrefjeldt, Norway ; collected 
by myself in August, 1857. The parasite is scattered 
generally over the thalline surface, sometimes on its margins, 
as very black Lecidine apothecia of most variable size and 
form. Its apothecia are quite different from those of the 
Cetraria, which are terminal and marginal, never black. 
Frequently—in the young state apparently—the parasitic 
apothecia are mere tubercles or warts. In maturity they become 
discoid, larger and flattened, usually with a round outline, 
but frequently with a very rough or granular surface. Some- 
times the disk is girt by a very ragged, raised thalline exciple, 
or by a raised thickened edge ; at other times the surface of 
the disk is concave, and there is no exciple or margin of any 
kind. Sometimes, in age, the disk falls out, leaving a white 
saucer-like hollow in the thallus. The apothecia of the parasite 
here bear a general resemblance to the diseased apothecia of 
Sticta pulmonacea, Ach., var. pleurocarpa Ach., caused by the 
growth of the parasitic Celidium Stictarum, Tul.; or to degene- 
rate apothecia in some forms of Lecidea parasema, Ach. The 
apothecia parasitic on the Cetraria are themselves apparently 
degenerate, exhibiting no distinct structure. 
Probably it is the same parasite that affects the Braemar 
and Dovrefjeldt plants, which further may belong to Lecidea 
Cetraricola, Linds.! Abrothallus Smithii, Tul. sometimes also 
occurs on C. Islandica, according to Kérber (Parerga, p. 
456); but its sporidia at once separate it from L. 
Cetraricola. 
4. On Lecanora ventoga, Ach. 
Spheria ventosaria, Linds. 
(a) Summit of Lochnagar ; collected by myself in August, 
1856. The thallus of the Lecanora exhibits a series of 
anamorphoses in the form of globular excrescences—large 
round warts—similar to those that occur sometimes also on 
L. tartarea, and in a somewhat less degree resembling the 
thalline deformities of Parmelia saratilis produced by Adro- 
thallus. These wart-like tumours are sometimes much 
smoother and of more uniform surface than the general thallus : 
at other times, however, quite as verrucose and irregular, or 
more so. Sometimes they bear nothing but the parasitic 
Spheria, at other times they are quite sterile: they are always 
devoid of apothecia of the Lecanora. The Sphervia is very 
1 «Observations on W. Greenland Lichens,” p. 364, plate xlviii, fig. 16. 
