39 
11. Certain organisms that are probably Fungi, but are in- 
determinate by reason of defective structure (= rudimen- 
tary and young, or old, abortive and degenerate). 
11. Certain true Lichens, sporidiferous, and giving lichenic 
reactions with iodine—e.g. Lecidea parasitica, Arthonia 
varians, and form 1 under head (a), which may, for distinc- 
tion, bear appropriately the provisional designation Micro- 
thelia subfuscicola. 
Iv. Certain spermogonia that may be referable to the 
Lecanora itself, though more probably, perhaps, to Parasites 
of the class either of Fungi, Fungo-lichens, or Lichens, whose 
sporiferous or sporidiferous perithecia are absent. 
v. Certain pycnidia, which are in the same position, in 
regard to our knowledge of their true character, as the isolated 
spermogonia above mentioned. 
vi. Certain other organisms, without normal reproductive 
structure, whose true character cannot even be properly 
guessed at. 
' Many of these parasites or conceptacles seated on or asso- 
ciated with the thallus or apothecia of L. subfusca have the 
same external aspect, being minute, black, punctiform bodies, 
resembling, and often apt to be confounded with, certain 
microscopic Spherie, Microthelie, Verrucarie, or their spermo- 
gonia or pycnidia. Those containing spermatia or stylospores 
would probably have been referred by the earlier lichenolo- 
gists to the pseudo-genus Pyrenothea among Lichens, and 
by fungologists to Septoria or some similar pseudo-genus 
among Fungi. And such a classification might afford con- 
venient provisional position, though the ambiguity as to their 
real nature would thereby remain unaffected. In some cases 
it is quite possible we really have to do with two or three 
forms of the spermogonia or pycnidia of the Lecanora itself." 
In other cases the spermogonia or pycnidia in question are 
referable to parasites that seldom exhibit all forms of their 
reproductive organs in association on the same specimen ; while 
in some instances, again, it defies the systematist to deter- 
mine with any degree of preferential probability the true 
character or position of the anomalous parasitic organisms 
in question. 
1 Vide author’s paper on “Polymorphism in the Fructification of Lichens,” 
‘Quart. Journal of Microscopical Science,’ January, 1868; ‘‘ Report of 
British Association, 1867, Transactions of Sections,” p. 89. Illustrations 
of multiple forms of spermogonia and pycnidia will further be given in a 
memoir in preparation on “The Spermogonia and Pyenidia of Crustaceous 
Lichens ” | for the Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. xxvii]. 
