62 
He differs from Huxley, who found the “ protoplasm’”’ to consist 
of ajelly-like matrix, unstainable by iodine, and not affected by 
dilute acetic acid, enclosing granules which are stained yellow 
by iodine, and dissolve in acetic acid. Haeckel has, indeed, 
found this jelly-like matrix in some cases, but these were 
shrivelled-up masses, not like the ramified Bathybius cytods, 
and he thinks their form and the jelly-like matrix are due to 
post-mortem change, the matrix having, in fact, been com- 
pared by Huxley to a similar substance formed by the death 
of the protoplasm of the Radiolarian Spherozoum. ‘This 
substance Haeckel does not consider to be protoplasm at all, 
though the granules it encloses are. The true protoplasmic 
cytods were more abundant in the Atlantic ooze (preserved 
in strong alcohol), which Haeckel examined; they stained 
yellow with iodine, orange-yellow with nitric acid, and red 
with carmine solution in ammonia, which the jelly-matrix 
does not, though its enclosed granules do. Haeckel considers 
the carmine staining a reaction of the highest importance in 
micro-chemical investigations. With very high powers and 
great care a granular structure was detected in some of the 
protoplasmic cytods. This was probably the first indication 
of that post-mortem change which gave to Huxley the jelly- 
like matrix enclosing fine granules. 
Some additions are made in this memoir to Huxley’s de- 
scription of the coccoliths and coccospheres. Haeckel remarks 
upon the great difficulty of satisfactorily investigating these 
very minute bodies, since it is necessary to get a flat and a 
side view of the same specimen. Their enormous abundance, 
however, lessens the difficulty. We have found glycerine 
jelly or serum a better medium for their examination than 
Canada balsam. A power of 1200 diameters is necessary. 
Haeckel distinguishes in all, five zones—a central nucleus, 
sometimes double, lying in a medullary substance, which is 
surrounded by a medullary ring ; external to this follows the 
granular zone, and then the outermost marginal ring. 
Huxley describes discoliths or simple monodiscous coccoliths, 
and cyatholiths or amphidiscous coccoliths. Haeckel points 
out that there are circular discoliths as well as oval ones, 
which alone were described by Huxley. He also remarks 
that the cyatholiths are simply two discoliths united by an 
axial piece, generally a smaller circular discolith with a larger 
oval discolith. The convexity of the oval discolith varies 
very much, as also does the length of the uniting axial piece. 
The exact nature of the connection between the two parts of 
the cyatholith Haeckel cannot decide, though he thinks that 
protoplasmic matter present in the granular zone of the two 
