161 
way concerned in the reproduction of a new polypide in the 
deserted cell, or of an egg. I have satisfied myself that the 
new buds found associated in a cell with a brown body take 
their origin from the endocyst, just in the same way in which 
the first polypide was produced by the budding of the endo- 
cyst at the time when the cell did not yet occupy its actual 
position, but was a still immature bud without calcareous 
skeleton in the margin of the colony. ‘The fact that both 
buds and brown bodies are often found in close contact does 
not furnish any proof of a correlation between them, that is, 
of the existence of a generative link ; it is merely caused by 
the circumstance that whilst the first polypide-bud in every 
cell originates in the angle formed by the posterior and upper 
wall of the cell, the second bud originates in the centre of 
the upper wall, and the brown body occupies the centre of 
the lodge. The occasional occurrence of two “ groddkapslar”’ 
in one lodge, which Smith has witnessed in some species, is 
very easily explained by the supposition that the secondary 
polypide too has undergone the retrogressive metamorphosis. 
A further proof that the appearance of a new polypide in 
a lodge is in no way connected with the presence of a “‘ grodd- 
kapsel,” is afforded by Alcyonidium hispidum. “ Grodd- 
kapslar” are also found in the older cells of this species, but 
the formation of a new bud is not delayed till the retrogres- 
sive metamorphosis of the polypide occupying the cell has 
become complete ; it takes place by the budding of the endo- 
cyst in the centre of the upper wall of the cell at a much 
earlier period, when the polypide, though already altered, in 
general still retains its former shape. 
I have satisfied myself (1) that the “‘ brown bodies,” being 
in no way endowed with any reproductive function, are mere 
remains of decaying polypides. (2) That the vitality of the 
zocecia does not all depend upon the presence of a polypide, 
and that a zoecium having lost its polypide can produce a 
new one by an internal budding of its endocyst. 
The facts just recorded speak very much in favour of the 
views many years ago stated by Allman,' and newly again 
advanced by Reichert,? who seems to ignore completely that 
they are not at all a novelty, though he is acquainted with 
the monograph of Allman, viz., that the polypide is not to 
be considered as a mere organ of the Bryozoon, but as a 
distinct zooid produced in an asexual way by another zooid, 
' ©A Monograph of the Fresh-water Polyzoa,’ p. 41. 
2 “ Vergleichende Anatomische Untersuchungen iiber Zoobotryon pellu- 
cidus,” ‘Aus den Abhandlungen der Kénigl. Akademie der Wissenchaften 
zu Berlin,’ 1869. Berlin, 1870, ». 238. ~ 
