210 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



those already eiistin;?, much epithelium is shed, each cell under- 

 going fatty degeneration and lying in a serous medium ; in fact, 

 milk is formed. The connective tissue also shows increased 

 developmental activity and is charged with leucocytes that have 

 escaped from the blood-vessels. The blood-vessels surround the 

 secreting passages, but do not penetrate their epithelial layer. 

 The author next described the minute anatomy of the nipple, 

 and the probable arrangement of the lymph-vessels and lymph- 

 lacunse in the mammary gland. Having alluded to the retro- 

 gressive changes which occur after each lactation, and still further 

 after menstruation has ceased, he mentioned the abnormalities 

 which have been met with in the number and position of the breast 

 and nipples. Having described shortly the varieties of ulceration 

 which attack the nipples — simple, syphilitic, eczematous, and. very 

 rarely cancerous — Mr. Parker referred to atheroma of the seba- 

 ceous glands around the nipple, to acute and chronic abscesses of 

 the mamma at various periods of life, and to that very rare condi- 

 tion — true hypertrophy of the mamma, and then proceeded to 

 examine the microscopical characters of mammary tumours. 

 These he divided into two classes : (o) those arising in the 

 connective tissue of the gland ; and (b) those which have their 

 origin in its secreting substance. Although mammary tumours 

 arise m one of the above two ways, in nearly all secreting sub- 

 stance is found mixed up with the tumour, more or less altered, 

 but present nevertheless throughout. Lipoma or fatty tumour, 

 enchondroma or cartilaginous tumour, and fibroid or fibrous 

 tumours, were mentioned as rare affections, the usual tumour 

 found in the mammary connective tissue being one of the varieties 

 of sarcoma. The seat of sarcoma here is immediately beneath the 

 glandular epithelium, that is, in the connecting tissue surrounding 

 the secreting tubes. It causes primarily a swelling, with dilatation 

 of the ducts and acini in its neighbourhood ; later on projections 

 of sarcomatous mammary tubes protrude into the already dilated 

 ducts, so that a cystic growth is formed — a complicated cyst 

 with winding glandular projections. The usual form met with 

 is the round-celled, less frequently the spindle-ceiled sarcoma. 

 Among the tumours arising from the epithelium of the gland the 

 author described rare true adenoid tumours in w^hich a morbid 

 extension of the whole secreting structure took place with or 

 without the formation of milk. Also partial adenoma (of which 

 he had met with two instances); and lastly Billroth's epithelioma 

 of the mamma, in which the epithelium is so excessively increased 

 »n quantity that the acini become enlarged to the size of millet 

 seeds or even to a diameter of -ith inch. Of this variety of 

 tumour the author had met with one example — removed two 

 years ago, and, so far, proving clinically innocent. He concluded 

 by describing the minute anatomy of carcinoma of the breast. 

 His observations were illustrated by a large collection of beautiful 

 And well-selected specimens of sections of the healthv mamma 

 of a girl, old woman, and man ; of an epithelioma (Billroth's) ; 



