66 NOTES AND MEMORANDA, 
face-net off the coast of France the young of Rotalia, but 
more particularly Globigerinz and Orbuline, the two latter 
frequently covered with fine calcareous tubes, prolongations 
of the borders of the fine pores through which the pseudo- 
gradia protrude through the shell. I took similar Globi- 
gerine and Orbuline almost daily in a fine net at Messina, 
often in great numbers, particularly in February. Often the 
shell was covered with a whole forest of extremely long and 
delicate calcareous tubes projecting from all sides, and pro- 
bably contributing essentially to enable these little animals to 
float below the surface of the water by increasing their sur- 
face greatly, and consequently their friction against the water, 
and rendering it more difficult for them to sink.”’ In 1865 
and 1866 two papers were read by Major Owen, F.L.S., 
before the Linnean Society, “On the Surface Fauna of Mid- 
Ocean.” In these communications the author stated that he 
had taken foraminifera of the genera Globigerina and Pulvi- 
nulina, living in a tow-net on the surface, at many stations in 
the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. He describes the special 
forms of these genera which were most common, and gave an 
interesting account of their habits, proposing for a family 
which should include Globigerina, with Orbulina as a sub- 
genus, and :Pulvinulina, the name Colymbitz, from the cir- 
cumstance that, like the Radiolaria, these foraminifera are 
found on the surface after sunset, ‘‘ diving” to some depth 
beneath it during the heat of the day. Our colleague, Mr. 
Gwyn Jeffreys, chiefly on the strength of Major Owen’s 
papers, maintained that certain foraminifera were surface 
animals, in opposition to Dr. Carpenter and myself? I had 
formed and expressed a very strong opinion on the matter. 
It seemed to me that the evidence was conclusive that the 
foraminifera which formed the Globigerina ooze lived on the 
bottom, and that the occurrence of individuals on the surface 
was accidental and exceptional; but after going into the 
thing carefully, and considering the mass of evidence which 
has been accumulated by Mr. Murray, I now admit that I 
was in error; and I agree with him that it may be taken as 
proved that all the materials of such deposits, with the ex- 
1 § Die Radiolarien.’” Eine Monographie von Dr. Ernst Haeckel. Berlin, 
1862, pp. 166, 167. 
2 Mr. Jeffreys desires to record his dissent from this conclusion, since 
(from his own observations, as well as those of Major Owen and Lieut. 
Palmer) he believes Globigerina to be exclusively an oceanic foraminifera 
inhabiting only the superficial stratum of the sea. (Preliminary Report of 
the Scientific Exploration of the Deep Sea, ‘Proceedings of the Royal 
Society,’ No. 121, page 443.) 
