186 QUARTERLY CHRONICLE OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE, 
widening of the vessels occurs, specially in the arteries, 
together with great acceleration in the blood-current (‘ London 
Medical Record,’ Dec. 30, 1874). The microscope shows 
that the blood is coloured slightly blue. After a short time 
the connective tissue becomes blue, whilst the muscular 
fibres and epithelium show no obvious coloration. It is only 
after two or three hours that the cement-substance shows a 
deep blue coloration. (London Medical Record.) 
2. Goblet Cells of the Conjunctiva.—Reich (§ Centralblatt,’ 
1874, p. 737) believes certain cells in the conjunctiva 
resembling the ‘‘ goblet cells” of other mucous surfaces, which 
have been regarded by Stieda as “unicellular mucous 
glands,” and by Waldeyer also as normal secreting structures, 
to be pathological productions, resulting from the mucous 
transformation of epithelial cells, in consequence of catarrhal 
conditions. They vary much in number, but are seen chiefly 
in comparatively old people and in chronic catarrhal inflam- 
mations. In structure, too, they differ from the typical 
goblet cells, being globular or oval, sometimes with a termi- 
nal orifice produced by rupture, but never with the charac- 
teristic pedunculated form. 
3. Mucous Membrane of Urethra.—Robin and Cadiat 
(‘Journal de l’Anatomie,’ Sept. and Oct., 1874) describe the 
epithelium, elastic fibres, and glands of the urethra, in the 
male and female. 
V. The Connective Tissues.—1. Structure of Tendons.— 
Ranvier has re-examined this subject in consequence of the 
numerous criticisms which have been passed upon his views. 
His results are briefly as follows: 
1. In the tendon of the tail of a young rat, or dogs, he finds 
the tendinous bundles separated by cells which have a dark 
granular body and an oval nucleus. Their shape is that of a 
tile applied by its concavity to a fibrous bundle, and pre- 
senting on its convex side crests and ridges, which really 
form casts of the surface of the adjacent bundles. In longi- 
tudinal sections they have the appearance of flat plates 
rolled round columns. In other animals the cells are thinner, 
but more solid, and have lateral prolongations, which make 
it difficult to determine their limits. In his first memoir 
Ranvier had taken for the lateral boundaries what are really 
two moulded crests (crétes d’empreinte). Such ridges or 
crests have been described by Boll as the elastic stripe. The 
conclusion is that the form of the cells is determined by 
pressure during their development, and retained when they 
become old and rigid. 
2. The femoral aponeurosis of the frog shows similar casts 
