24 HENRY B. BRADY. 



Lituola (proper), and Haplostiche. These will be considered 

 at a later stage when the Lituoline forms are spoken of more 

 in detail. It will, however, become manifest as we proceed 

 that neither of these schemes are any longer applicable to the 

 purpose for which they were devised, and the more recent sug- 

 gestions of Prof. Zittel^ and Prof. T. Rupert Jones^ scarcely 

 satisfy the exigencies of the present position. How far the cha- 

 racters on which these and other previous classifications are 

 based, may be of service for the rearrangement of the group, 

 with its enlarged boundaries, will be determined as we go on. 



It is not altogether satisfactory to have to depend solely 

 upon the structure and conformation of the external skeleton 

 or test for distinctive characters. There can scarcely 

 be a doubt that the sarcode bodies of animals varying so 

 much in their external features must have important dif- 

 ferences. The researches of E-. Hertwig, on the animal of 

 Miliola and Rotalia,^ and those of F. E. Schulze'* on Poly- 

 stomella and Lagena, permit no longer the belief that the 

 Reticularian Rhizopoda consist of mere masses of undifferen- 

 tiated protoplasm, and a wide field of investigation is thereby 

 opened, in which the employment of chemical reagents, in 

 conjunction with the higher powers of the microscope, may be 

 expected to yield a harvest of hitherto unnoted facts. But, 

 for these methods of research the fresh, if not the living 

 animals, can alone be used ; material long preserved in 

 alcohol, as the "Challenger" dredgings have necessarily been, 

 furnishes only the knowledge derivable from the harder 

 tissues and the portions rendered permanent by inorganic 

 constituents. 



There is one question to which attention must for a moment 

 be directed before entering upon more strictly morphological 

 considerations, namely, the chemical composition of these 

 arenaceous tests. It is not often that specimens of any 

 single species of recent Foraminifera can be obtained in suf- 

 ficient quantity for reliable analysis, but amongst a few of 

 the larger arenaceous forms this can . occasionally be 

 done. The dredged material from the " Challenger" 

 Station No. 122 (off Pernambuco), contains Hyperammina 

 elongata in considerable abundance, and in No. 24 (off 

 Culebra Island, West Indies) Ctjclammina cancellata, is one 

 of the most prominent Rhizopods. No better examples than 



1 'Haudbuch der Palaontologie,' 1 Band, 1 Lieferung, 1876. 



' 'Monthly Micro. Jouru.' (Feb., 1876), No. 86, p. 89. 



* " Beraerkungen zur Organisation und systematischen Stellung der 

 Foraminiferen," ' Jeuaisclie Zeitsclir. fiir Naturwiss.,' vol. x, p. 42, pi. 

 2, 1876. 



■* 'Archiv fiir mikr. Anat.,' vol. xiii, 1876. 



