48 BENRY B. BRADY. 



2. Haplophragmium, Reuss. — Test free, chamber-cavities 



gimplcj not subdivided. 



3. Lituola, Lamarck. — Test free, chamber-cavities sub- 



divided by irregular ramifying septa ; spiral or crozier- 

 shaped ; aperture dendritic, labyrinthic or compound. 



4. Haplostiche, Reuss. — Test free, uniserial, straight or 



arcuate (like Nodosaria, or Dentalma) ; aperture 

 terminal, simple. Chamber-cavities subdivided by 

 irregular ramifying septa. 



The term Lituola was originally used by Lamarck^ for 

 the well-known subnautiloid and crozier-shaped,white, arena- 

 ceous Foraminifera of the Chalk ; and as d'Orbigny adopts 

 Lamarck's name,^ making the labyrinthic chambers and 

 multiple aperture the primary characters of the genus, there 

 can be no doubt as to its proper application. 



\n the difficulty that there is of finding characters avail- 

 able for the classification of a series of forms so closely con- 

 nected as those under consideration, the structure of the 

 shelly skeleton must serve as far as it goes, as a basis of sub- 

 division. It is, however, to the interior of the test that we 

 shall have to look for its most characteristic development. In 

 some of the Lituoline forms the chambers are simple 

 rounded cavities, and the sand-grains of which the test is 

 built are often so neatly joined that no angular points project 

 into the interior. Such specimens have generally a simple 

 aperture. In others the interior of the segments is ^'labyrin- 

 thic," that is to say, subdivided by irregular partial septa, 

 composed of rough sand grains cemented together, and such 

 as these commonly have an irregular or compound aperture. 

 There is another variety of labyrinthic structure, that may 

 for distinction be called " cancellated," whicn is composed 

 of masses of very finely arenaceous tubular~growths from the 

 inner surface of the shell-wall, sometimes developed to such 

 an extent that they almost fill the cavities of the chambers. 

 But as specimens with this peculiarity have at the same time 

 a smooth or even polished exterior and very definite and well- 

 formed septa, it is manifestly better to keep them distinct 



elongated, straiglit or curved, subcylindrical test, adherent by its expanded 

 lower extremity, composed of a single series of thin chambers superim- 

 posed, and having a terminal aperture consisting of numerous large per- 

 forations. It is an Upper Cretaceous fossil from the " Unter Planer " of 

 Bohemia, Saxony, and elsewhere. 



^ 'Annales du Museum,' 1S04, vol. v, p. 242; figured in 1816 in vol. 

 viii, pi. 62, fig. 12, and elsewhere. 



2 '¥ov. Foss. Vienne,' p. 138, pi. 21, figs. 20 and 21. 



