OBSERVATIONS ON STRUCTURE OF CELLS AND NUCLEI. 147 



I said above that the condition of "exhaustion'' (Heidenhain 

 and Lavdowsky) of the submaxillary gland of dog is an abnormal 

 one, inasmuch as in the ordinary process of function no such 

 condition is ever observed as that described and figured by these 

 observers. To produce that condition Lavdowsky had to stimu- 

 late electrically the secretory nerve (the chorda in the case of the 

 submaxillary gland, the n. buccinatorius in the case of the 

 orbital gland) from three to seven hours and more, a proceeding 

 which has no parallel in the normal function of these glands. 



(d) In man. — I possess a good many preparations of sub- 

 maxillary glands of children that died in the course of scarlatina. 

 The glands were obtained very shortly after death, and, after 

 having been hardened in spirit, were found in an excellent con- 

 dition. As I described in my paper on the '^ Anatomy of Scar- 

 latina,"^ the int»rlobular tissue contains accumulations of lymph 

 cells, a sign of interstitial inflammation ; but besides this, in 

 some of the glands the gland structure, both of alveoli and 

 ducts, appears normal, the gland-cells in their mutual relati«n 

 and distinctness of outline being perfect. I shall refer in the 

 following to these glands only. 



a. In sections through the submaxillary gland of a child aged 

 7, we find — amongst the great mass of lobules the alveoli of vvhich 

 are lined with more or less distinctly columnar " granular '' cells 

 with a round nucleus in the outer part, i. e. true salivary cells — a 

 few lobules much larger than the others, in which the alveoli are 

 lined with mucous cells, i. e. columnar transparent cells, the 

 nucleus of each cell being more or less compressed and situated 

 in the outermost part of the cell. The alveoli lined with mucous 

 cells are larger than the others, owing to the lumen and the cells 

 being larger. The relatively great amount of connective tissue 

 separating the lobules enables us to trace the outlines of the 

 individual lobules with far greater facility than in the dog. 



j3. In a gland of a child aged 8, I found, on the other hand, 

 only traces of mucous gland structure, these being reduced to a 

 few groups of a very limited number of alveoli lined with mucous 

 cells, interspersed amongst the bulk of lobules composed of 

 salivary gland tissue. The cells of the latter are columnar 

 "granular^' cells, with a round nucleus in the outer third, and 

 are arranged around a small lumen. 



7. In a gland of a child aged 12, I find no trace of any 

 alveoli hned with mucous cells; the lobules are all uniformly 

 made up of alveoli lined with beautiful columnar cells of 

 " granular " protoplasm. 



If we now examine more carefully in the first case the 



' 'Eeports (No. viii) of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council,' 1876, 

 p. 79. 



