CEPHALOPODA. 69 



The shell of tlie living decapods is either a horny "pen" {glad'ms) or a 

 calcarious "boup" {sepion); not attached to the animal by muscles, but so 

 loose as to fall out when the cyst which contains it is opened. In the genus 

 spirula, it is a delicate spiral tube, divided into air-chambers by a series of 

 partitions {septa). In the fossil genus splndirostra, a similar shell forms the 

 apex of a cuttle-bone ; in the fossil conoteutlds a chambered shell is combined 

 with a pen ; and the helemnite unites all these modifications. 



The decapods chiefly frequent the open sea, appearing periodically like 

 fishes, in great shoals, on the coasts and banks. {Owen, D'Orh.) 



TAMILY III. TEUTHID.E. Calamartes, or Squids. 

 Body, elongated ; Jins short, broad, and mostly terminal. 

 Shell, (gladius or pen) horny, consisting of three parts, — a shaft, and two 

 lateral expansions or wings. 



Sub-family A. Myopsida, D'Orb. Eyes covered by the sldn. 



LoLiGO. {Pliny) Lamarck, Calamary. 



Syn., teuthis (Aristotle) Gray. 



Type, L. vulgaris (sepia loligo L.) Fig. 1. PI. I., fig, 6 (pen). 



Pen, lanceolate, mth the shaft produced in front ; it is multiplied by age, 

 several being found packed closely, one behind another, in old specimens. 

 (Owen, ) 



Body tapering behind, much elongated in the males. Fins terminal, 

 united, rhombic. Mantle supported by a cervical ridge, and by two grooves 

 iin the base of the fuanel. Suckers in two rows, with horny, dentated hoops. 

 Tentacular club with four rows of suckers. I;ength (excluding tentacles) 

 from 3 inches to 2| feet. 



The calamaries are good swimmers ; they also crawl, head-downwards, on 

 (their oral disk. The common species is used for bait, by fishermen, on the 

 i Cornish coast (Couch). Shells have been found in its stomach, and more 

 rarely sea- weed (Dr. Johnston). Their egg-clusters have been estimated to 

 contain nearly 40,0U0 eggs (Bohadsch). 



Bistr., 21 sp. in all seas. Norway — New Zealand. 



Sub-genus. T'^mc^c'^^?.?, Deslongchamps, 1835. 

 Etym., teuthis, a calamary and opsis like. 

 Type, T. Bunellii, Desl. 



Pen, like loligo, but dilated and spatulate behind. 

 Fossil, 5 sp. Upper Lias, France, and Wurtemberg. 



GoNATUS, Gray. 

 Animal 2tXi^pen like loligo in most respects. Arms^'\ih.4i series of cups, 

 tentacular club with numerous small cups, and a single large sessile cup 

 anned with a hook : funnel valveless. 



