GASTEROPODA. 1^^ 



Melania, Lam. 



Etijni., Melania, blackness (from melas). 



Type, M. amarula. PI. VIII., fig- 25. 



Syn. Thiara, Megerle. Pyrgula, Crist. 



Shell turreted, apex acute (ualess eroded) ; whirls ornamented with stnee 

 or spines; aperture oval, pointed above; outer lip sharp, sinuous; operculum 

 subspiral. PI. YIIL, fig. 35*. ^ .. t i . t.- f f 



Distr., 160 sp. S. Europe, India, Philippmes, Pacific Islands. Distmct 

 groups in'the southern states of N. America. 



Fossil 25 sp. Eocene—. Europe (v. chemnitzia). 



Suh-genem. Melanatria, Bowdich. M. fluminea* PI. VIII., fig. 26. 

 Aperture somewhat produced in fi-ont; operculum with rather numerous 

 whirls This section includes some of the largest sp. of the genus, and is well 

 typified by the fossil, M. Sowerbii (cerit. melanoides, Sby.) of the Woolwich 

 sands. Old World, India, Philippines. 



Vtbex, Oken, V. fuscatus, PI. VIII., fig. 29. V. am-itus. W. Africa. 

 Whirls spiraUy ridged, or mm'icated ; aperture broadly channeUed m front. 



Ceriphasia, Sw., C. sulcata. N. America. Aperture like vibex ; slightly 

 notched near the suture. 



Hemmnus, Sw., H. lineolatus. W. Indies. Aperture channelled in 



^'''''Melafnsus,^^^. (lo. Lea. Glottella, Gray.) M. fluviatilis. PI. Vlll., 

 fiff 27 U States. Apertiu-e produced into a spout in front. 



" Melatoma, Anthony (not Sw.) M. altilis. Shell like anculotus; with a 

 deep slit at the suture. U. States. 



Anculotus, ^^Y- A. pra^morsus. PL VIII., fig. 28. Shell globular ; 

 spire ver}^ short ; outer Hp produced. U. States. 



^«^,^^W^, Anthony. A. isogona. PI. IX., fig. 23. U. States. 



r Pachjstoma,^^' M. marginata. Eocene. Paris. Peristome thick- 

 ened externally, all round. 



Paludomus, Swainson. 



Etym., palus, a marsh, and domus, home. 



Syn., tanalia, Gray. Hemimitra, Sw. 



Type, P. aculeatus, Gm. sp. PL IX., fig. 34. 



Shell, turbinated, smooth or muricated; with wavy stains beneath the 

 olive epidermis; spire smaU, usuaUy eroded; operc. horny, lameUar, nucleus 

 external. Animal like melania ; mantle-margin fi-inged (Eydoux). 



Distr., 10 sp. Ceylon (Himalaya ?) in the mountain-streams, sometimes 

 at an elevation of 6,000 feet. The Himalayan sp. {melania cornea. Gray, 



* This is a good section of melania, but Mr. Gray's type does not well represent it, 

 being more like a pirena in the form of its aperture. 



