354 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. i 



The Fauna of the ^Mediterrauean has been critically examiaed by Prof. ■ 

 Forbes and 31. Philippi, with this result, — that a large proportion of its popu- ' 

 lation has migrated into it from the Atlantic, and a smaller number from | 

 the Red Sea, and that the supposed peculiar species are diminishing so | 

 rapidly with every new research in the Atlantic, that it can no longer rank as 

 a province distinct from the Lusitanian. J 



"When the Faunas of the other regions have been tested in the same man- | 

 ner, and disentangled, the result will probably be the establishment of a much ' 

 greater number of provinces than we have ventured at present to indicate on 

 the map. ] 



It may be desirable to notice here the extraordinary range attributed to i 

 some of the marine species. These statements must be received with great ] 

 hesitation ; for when sufficiently investigated, it has usually proved that some ] 

 of the localities were false, or that more than one species was included. The 

 following are given by Dr. Krauss in his excellent monograph of the South j 

 African j\Iollusca : — ! 



Hanella gmnifera : Red Sea, Natal, India, China, Philippines, New | 

 Zealand. 



Triton oharius : Brazil, Mediterranean, Natal, Pacific. ••: 



Pu7-pu7-a lapilhis : Greenland (Senegal, Cape). ! 



Fenus verrucosa: (W. Indies) Brit. Senegal, Canaries, Mediterranean, 1 

 Red Sea, Cape (Australia). j 



Octopus vulgaris : Antilles, Brazil, Europe, Natal, Mauritius, India. .| 



Argonauta argo: (Antilles), Medit. Red Sea, Cape. \ 



Lucina divaricata is said to be " found on the shores of Europe, India, \ 

 Africa, America, and Australia," {Graij.) In this case several species are ' 

 confounded. The rock-boring Saxicava has been carried to all parts of the \ 

 world in ballast, and it remains yet to be ascertained whether the same ] 

 sj^ecies occurs in a living state beyond the Arctic Seas and North Atlantic. 



Lastly, the money coivry is always catalogued as a shell of the Mediter- \ 

 ranean and Cape, although its home is in the Pacific, and it has no other ■ 

 origin in the Atlantic than the occasional wreck of one of the ships in which 

 such vast quantities of the little shell are annually brought to this country i 

 to be exported again to Africa. \ 



I. Arctic Province. | 



The North Polar Seas contain but one assemblage of Mollusca, whose 1 

 Southern limit is formed by the Aleutian Islands in the Pacific, but in the | 

 North Atlantic is determined chiefly by the boundary of floating ice, descend- k 

 ing as low as Newfoundland on the West, and thence rising rapidly to Iceland ; 

 and the North Cape. A very complete general account of the Arctic Mollusca , .j 

 is given by Dr. ]\Iiddendorff;* those of Greenland have been catalogued and \ 



* Malaco-zoologia Rossic^ : Mem. del'Acad. Imp. des Sc. Petersb. T. 6, pt. 2, 1849. J 



