ARCTIC PROVINCES. 



355 



described by Otho Fabricius and Moller;* and scattered notices occur in tlie 

 Annals of Natural History,! and the Supplements to the Narratives of the 

 Arctic Voyagers, — Phipps, Scoresby, Franklin, Back, Ross, Parry, and Pvich- 

 ardson. The existence of the same marine animals in Behring's Sea and 

 Baffin's Bay, was long since held to prove at least a former NorthWest pas- 

 sage ; but the occurrence of recent sea shells in banks far inland, rendered it 

 probable that even recent elevation of the land in Arctic America might have 

 much reduced the passage. During the "Glacial period," this Arctic Sea, 

 with the same fauna, extended over Britain ; over Northern Europe, as far 

 as the Alps and Carpathians ; and over Siberia, and a considerable part of 

 North America. The shells now living in the Arctic Seas, are found fossil in 

 the deposits of " Northern Drift," over all these countries ; and a few of the 

 species yet linger within the bounds of the two next provinces, especially in 

 tracts of unusual depth. The Arctic shells have mostly a thick greenish epi- 

 dermis (p. 40.) they occur in very great abundance, and are remarkably 

 subject to variation of form, a circumstance attributed by Professor E. Forbes 

 to the influence of the mixture of fresh water produced by the melting of 

 great bodies of snow and ice. 



ARCTIC SHELL-FISH. 



E. Russian Lapland. F. Finmark. I. Iceland. G.Greenland. D. Davis Straits 

 (west coast). B. Behring's Straits. 0. Ochotsk. * British species. ** Brit, 

 fossils. 



Octopus granulatus. G. 

 Cirroteuthis Miilleri. G. 

 Rossiapalpebrosa. G.P. Regent Inlet. 

 Onychoteuthis Bergii. F. B. 



„ Fabricii. G. 



„ amoena. G. 



''Ommastrephes todarus. F. Newf. 



Limacina arctica G. 0. 

 Spirialis stenogyra. F. 

 „ balea. G. 

 *Clio borealis N. Zemla. G. 



I 



*Nassa incrassata. F. 

 *Buccinum undatum, var. Kara. O, 

 „ hydrophannm. D. Piince 



Regent Inlet. 

 „ tenebrosum. R. G. B. 

 * ,, Humpbreysianum. R. G. 



** ,, cyaneum. F. D. G. Icy 

 C. St. Lawrence. 

 „ glaoiale. Kara. 0. C.Parry. 

 G. Spitzbergen. 



Buccinum angulosum. N. Zemla, 

 Icy C. Spitz. 

 „ teniie. N. Zemla. G. 

 „ Groenlandicum. D. 

 „ undulatum G. 

 „ scalariforme. G. 



* „ ciliatum. G. 



„ boreale (Leach). Baffin's B . 

 „ sericatum. D. P. Refuge. 

 HoUbollii (Mangelia.Mol.) 

 G. F. 

 " „ Dalei. R. B. 

 "Fusus antiquus. N. Zemla. B, 



* ,, carinatus. G. 



'' „ contrai"ius. R. O. 



„ defomiis. R. Spitz. 

 " „ despectus. G. Spitz. 



„ heros. C. Pan-y, 



,, latericeus. G. 

 " ,, Sabini. D. Mass. 



„ pellucidus. D. 



„ Kroyeri. G. Spitz. 



,, decemcostatus. B. Newf. 



* Index MoUuscorum Grcenlandiae. Hafn. 1842. 

 t Hancock, An. Nat. Hist. vol. 18, p. 323, pi. 5. 



