LUSITANIAN REGION. 385 



2. LusiTANiAN Region. 



The countries bordering the Mediterranean, with Switzerland, Austria 

 and Hungary, the Crimea {Taurida),ani Caucasus, form a great province (or 

 rather cluster of provinces) to which Prof. E. Forbes applied the term 

 Lusitanian. The Canaries, Azores, and Madeii-a are outlying fragments of 

 the s-ime region.* 



In Southern Europe about 600 land-snails are found, of wbicb above 100 

 are also spread over the Germanic region and Siberia ; and 20 or 30 are 

 common to Northern Africa. Besides these 60 others are found in Algeria 

 and Egypt, 100 in Asia Minor and Syria, and 135 in the Atlantic Islands^ 

 making a total of neai-ly 900 species of Helicid^.\ 



Of the 1 2 species of Zoidtes (proper) 1 are peculiar to Lusitania. 



The species of Bulimas, Achaiina, and Pupa are small and minute, 

 belonging to the sub-genera Bulimnhis, Cionella, Zua, Azeca, Vertigo, &c. ; 

 4 (of which two are Algerian) have been referred to Glandina, 



In this region are also found 22 species of Ci/clostomida and 44 Lima- 

 tidcB : — 



Vitniia 11 Cryptella 1 



Daudebardia 3 Cyclostoma 5 



Helicolimax 3 Craspedopoma 3 



Liniax 28 Pomatias 10 



Arion 7 Acicula 4 



Phosphorax 1 



Testacella 2 Carychium 3 



Clausiliat 247 Parmacella 5 



The fresh-water shells are of the same genera as in the Germanic pro- 

 vince, and their numbers about the same ; with the addition of several species 

 of 3felania, Melanopsis, LithogJyphus, and Ct/rena. Melampsis buccinoldes 

 is found in Spain, Algeria, and Syria, having become extinct in the inter- 

 vening countries. Two species of LUkogli/phus inhabit the Danube ; Cyrena 

 [Corbicula) Panormitana is found in Sicily, two others in the Euphrates, 

 and C. consohrina in the Alexandrian Canal. 



The Lusitanian province includes numerous minor regions, the islands 

 and mountain tracts especially being centres oi foci where a number of pecu- 

 liar species are associated with those living around. Thus, of species not a^ 

 yet recorded from other localities, Switzerland has 28, the Austrian Alps 46> 

 Carpathians 28, N. Italy and Dalmatia 100, lloumelia 20, Greece and its 



* In the South of Europe rain seldom falls in summer, but is frequent at other 

 seasons, especially in winter. The mean temp, is 54°-72°. 



t The writer is greatly indebted to W. H. Benson, Esq. for information respecting 

 the land-shells of the Lusitanian province, Africa, and the remote islands, 



% Many of these cannot be considered species, in the sense here understood, but 

 only as races, or geographical varieties. 



