424 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. i 



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Bulimus Lachhamensis ascends beech-trees on the Chalk downs and Cottes- i 

 woldes ; Tiqja Juniperi and Helix wnbilicata occur chiefly on rocks and I 

 stone walls. The moss-frequenting Clausil'm may be obtained even in mild \ 

 winter weather at the roots of trees; the small species of Fwpa (or Vertigo) i 

 are sometimes taken abundantly when sweepiug wet grass with an insect net ; , 

 .</«>«/<? /tfsm lives at the roots of grass; Cionella acicula is found in old; 

 bones, (such as occur in Danish burial grounds !) and occasionally in moving • 

 garden-bulbs ; Helix aculeata has been met with on the under sides of leaves 

 {e. g. the sycamore), a few feet from the earth. 



In tropical countries a large number of the land snails are arboreal in 

 their habits. The West Indian Palms (such as Oreodoxa reqia) are the 

 chosen abode of many species of Helicidae. Mr, Couthouy found Bidimus 

 aurls lejyoris on the orange and myrtle-trees near Rio, and Fartidce and 

 Helicince, ou the Dracsenas and Bananas of the - Polynesian Islands ; and 

 the sailors of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, in Captain Owen Stanley's expedition, , 

 became expert in collecting Geotrochi in the trees of the Australian islands. 



The great tropical Bttlimi and Achatintz will sometimes lay their eggs 

 in captivity.* \ 



The following are examples of the elevations at Avhich land-suails have :j 

 been found, (pp. 162, 166.) 



Helix pomatia, 5000 feet — Alps. (Jeffreys.) i, 



— rupestris, 1200—5000 ft. ^.iii 



— bui-satella, Gould, 2000—5000 ft. Talieiti. , '\ 

 Bulimus Tibex 7000 ft. India. (Benson.) ^ 



— nivicola, and ornatns, 14,000 ft. ,, ^ 



— Lamarckiaaus,8000ft. New Granada. ..i 

 Achatina latebricola, 4 — 7000 ft. Landour. ■; 

 Pupa Halleriana, 1200— 2500 ft. Alps. | 



— tantilla, 2,000 ft. Taheiti. ^ i 



Clausi]lald8ea,5500ft. Mr. Ida. '' 



Vitrina glacialis, Forbes, 8000 ft. Mte. Rosa. | 



— annularis,2000— 3000 ft. Burgos. (M' Andrew.) 



— Teneriffae, 2000— 6210ft. Madeira. 

 Heliciua occidentalis, Guilding, 2000 ft. St. Vincents. 

 (Limnsea Hookeri, 18000 ft. Thibet.) 



The land-snails of w^arm and dry regions remain dormant for long periods 

 (p. 19), and require no attention for many months after being collected.f \ 



Freshwater shells are collected with an insect-net or " landing-net" of 

 strength suited to the work of raising masses of weed. The strongly-rooted 



* Such giants require to be collected in a basket, while the small land shells of 

 open and rocky countries may be put in a cotton bag, hung on a coat button. 



t Land and freshwater snails may be killed instantaneously with boiling water, 

 if a few are done at a time ; and cooled by removal to cold water. Every collector finds 

 expedients for removing the animals more or less completely from their shells ; those | 

 which, like Clausilia, retire beyond the reach of a bent pin may be drowned in tepid _ 

 water. 



