DR. LANKESTER, ON RAPHIDES. 249 
and Haloragace. In the latter order Schleiden says they 
have been found in Myriophyllum, in the cells and in the 
glands of the air-passages. 
CaryYoPHYLLACE®.—The only species in which they have 
been found by Gulliver is the Si/ene Armeria. 
OropancHace”.—Schleiden says that crystals of carbonate 
of lime are found in Lathrea. 
SaxtFRAGACE®.— Crystals have been observed as excretions 
in the edges of the leaves in Sazifraga Aizoon and 8. longifolia. 
Nycracinacea#.—Lindley mentions the existence of ra- 
phides in great abundance under the cuticle of the Mirabilis 
Jalapa. 
Lrecuminos#.—But few instances are recorded of crystals 
in this large order. Professor Bailey is quoted by Balfour 
as having found them in great abundance in Locust bark. 
CapriroLiacE&.—Meyen found an abundance of crystals 
in the bark of Viburnum Lantana. 
Tit1ace®.—Quekett says he has observed two kinds of 
crystals in the bark of the lime (Tila Europea). 
Evurvorsiace”.—In the milky juice of these plants crystals 
are recorded as occurring, by several observers. _Quekett says 
he has found them in cascarilla bark. 
Viracex%.—The bark, leaves, stipules, and fruit of the 
common grape contain crystals of more than one sort 
(Quekett). 
Potyconace®.—The various species of Rheum contain 
oxalate of lime, more especially in their roots. 
JUGLANDACE#.—Flattened prisms in hiccory bark (Carya 
alba, J. Quekett). 
Gaxiacp2.—Gulliver found raphides in the ovary, corolla, 
leaves, and other parts of Sherardia, Asperula, and six spe- 
cies of Galium. They are common in the corolla aud young 
fruit, but scanty in other parts of Galiwm Mollugo. 
Composirm. — Professor Gulliver says of this order, 
* Raphides are less common in this order than other crystals, 
and I have only found them in the ovary or fruit. They 
were seen in Corymbifera, Cynarocephalz, and Cichoraceze. 
In Pulicaria dysenterica single oblong crystals, with angular- 
pointed ends; in Senecio Jacobea and S. aquaticus, short, aci- 
cular crystals ; in Arctium intermedium and two other species, 
cubical crystals, =,,th of an inch diameter; in Centaurea 
nigra, single and double crystals, shaped like those of Pulicaria ; 
in Carduus lanceolatus, C. palustris, and C. acaulis, some acicu- 
lar forms, and a greater number like those of Pulicaria and 
Centaurea; in Hypocheris radicata, Apargia autumnalis, and 
Crepis virens, minuter square or cubical crystals.” 
