256 Dr. H. Eltringham on the 



shaded or black markings. They are all found in the 

 Ethiopian Region and are principally of W. African origin. 

 Specific diagnosis on the somewhat feeble external charac- 

 ters is unsatisfactory, and I have therefore endeavoured to 

 rearrange the known forms in accordance with the structure 

 of the male armature. 



This organ is of a rather complicated type. To give 

 illustrations of the w^hole apparatus in each case would be 

 misleading, since the shghtest difference in the point of 

 view would suggest differences of structure not really 

 existing. Indeed, a considerable experience of these organs 

 in different genera convinces me that the person actually 

 making the preparations is probably the best qualified to 

 judge of differences and resemblances. 



Careful dissection under the stereoscopic microscope 

 gives a general impression of structure, and above all of 

 relative position. The ultimate preparations should be 

 mounted in cells so that they are not distorted by pressure, 

 and for purposes of illustration good drawings are always 

 preferable to photographs, since the latter convey little or 

 no impression of relative position. At PI. X, fig. 2, I 

 have drawn the entire apparatus taken from a form of 

 Larinopoda aspidos f. hrenda. There are two claspers 

 the distal ends of which are characteristically lobed, the 

 uncus is blunt and bifid, and below it there are two hooks 

 more clearly shown in fig. 3, which is a posterior view of 

 this part in L. tera. Each clasper, near the proximal end 

 and on its lower side, has a small chitinous projection 

 which appears to be attached by strands of rather tough 

 connective tissue to a ventral projection on the aedeagus. 

 The latter is a rather unusually shaped organ, the duct 

 enters it more or less in the middle, and the part more 

 proximally situated is apparently in the form of a lever. 



The imcus and claspers are connected by webs of tough 

 membrane not shown in the figure. 



After some experiment I have decided that the best type 

 of illustration for exhibiting the specific differences between 

 the armatures in this genus is a dorsal view of the two 

 claspers placed as nearly as possible in their natural posi- 

 tion. For this purpose the rest of the armature is cut away 

 and the claspers left with their natural membranous con- 

 nection and mounted in that position in a cell. The 

 remaining illustrations are all drawings of the claspers 

 taken from this point of view. 



