Deceptive Resemblance in Long-horned Grasshoppers. 273 



This case-' gives also an exceptionally strong support to 

 the whole theory of deceptive resemblance based on 

 natural selection. In fact, it is not the likeness itself 

 between Condylodera and Tricondyla which is most striking, 

 because it might be regarded as accidental, but the fact 

 that a metallic coloration of larvae is unknown amongst 

 Tettigoniidae and is quite exceptional. Moreover, I have 

 before me a larva of evidently another species of Leptoderes 

 taken by Mr. G. E. Bryant at Quop, W. Sarawak, Borneo, 

 together with Tricondyla cyanipes Esch. subsp. cavifrons 

 Sch., which is black, with the prothorax red, and the larva 

 of Leptoderes has exactly the same coloration. 



Further, the larva of the Ceylon L. flavipennis (though 

 in the last stage, v/hich is not a good mimic of Tricondyla) 

 differs from the Javan larvae, as has been pointed out 

 above, by the almost not constricted pronotum, and by 

 the brownish-black, slightly metallic shining, coloration, 

 and these characters give it an appearance of the common 

 Ceylon Cicindelid — Tricondyla granulifera Motsch., which 

 has the same coloration and the pronotum not swollen in 

 the middle. It is hardly possible, even for an unbeUever 

 in mimicry; to explain these three cases by a mere 

 coincidence ! 



As regards the classification and synonymy of species of 

 Leptoderes, the material at my disposal is too scanty to 

 permit of sufficiently definite conclusions. All I can say 

 is that the Ceylon species, L. flavipennis Br. Watt., is 

 distinct from the adult specimens from Borneo and Java, 

 but I hesitate to identify all the latter as the same insect, 

 especially as there are only two females from Borneo and 

 two males from Java, which makes the comparison im- 

 possible. The described differences in larvae, however, 

 indicate that there are two distinct species of Leptoderes 

 in Java and in Borneo, which does not exclude the possi- 

 bihty that they are not confined each to one island only, 

 as I have before me a larva from Borneo (Kuching, 12 

 xii. 1899, R. Shelford; Oxford Museum) in which the 

 type of coloration is not the same as in the above described 

 Bornean larva, but the same as in the Javanese one, with 

 the only difference that its entire body is black and only 

 the pronotum shows a faint bluish colour; it may be 

 either a colour variety of the L. tricondyloides, or a distinct 

 species, which it seems to me more Ukely to be. 



The purpose of this paper is nothing more than to draw 



TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1922. — PARTS I, II. (JULY) T 



