the Rhopalocera of the Mt. Everest 1921 Expaliiion. 463 



3. Parnassius epaphus Oberililir. 



1909. Parnassius epaphus Bing., I.e., p. 120. 

 1912. Parnassius ejMphus Evans, I.e., p. 974. 



(a) P. epaphus everesti, ssp. nov. 

 (PI. XXXVI, fig. 7 ^, fig. 8 ?). 



1 ^, 30/G/21; 3 c?, 1 ?, 2/7/21; 2 ^, 6/7/21; 2 <^, 1 $, 

 7/7/21, 17,400 ft.; 3 c?, 5 ?, 14/7/21; 1 c^, 2 ?, 18/7/21, 

 18,500 ft. All "at camp N.N.W. of Mt. Everest on 

 moraine shelf above Rongbuk Glacier " {Bullock). 



A small but very well-defined local race. About the 

 same size as sihkimensis Elwes and phariensis AviuofT, but 

 differing from both of these, more particularly from the 

 latter, in the greater opacity of the white grovmd-colour 

 and the marked reduction of the black marginal markings 

 of both wings. In the ^ the submarginal lunules on the 

 hind-wing are almost absent and in the $ only very slight, 

 and the same applies to the submarginal series of the fore- 

 wing, but to a lesser extent. The red markings are large 

 and conspicuous on both surfaces, much as in jyhariensis. 



The race shows a very distinct approach to the more 

 northerly forms altynensis Stand, and nanchanica Aust. 



(b) Parnassius epaphus hinialayanus, ssp. nov. 

 (PL XXXVI, fig. 6 ^). 



2 ^, 17,000 ft., 8/8/21 ; 1 ^, 16,700 ft., 6/8/21, Camp 9 

 miles E. of Everest, (B.). 



1 (^, Chog La, between Kharta Valley and Kama Valley, 

 8/8/21 (W.). 



1 ?, Rongshar Valley, 14,000 ft., 28/7/21 {W.). 



(^. A})proaches sihkimensis in general appearance very much 

 more than does the preceding form, being more transparent and 

 greyer. The submarginal band on the fore-wing is the most charac- 

 teristic feature, the black lunules of which it is composed being so 

 much increased in size as to form a continuous only slightly dentate 

 band equal in width to the marginal band. The corresponding 

 band on the hind-wing is similarly very conspicuous, and formed 

 of very well-defined large wedge-shaped black marks. The fore- 

 wing is devoid of red markings ; the hind-Ming has only the costal 

 and discal spots red-centred. 



