540 



Mr. C. L. Withycombe's Notes on 



conifers, one need not expect to find these larvae associated 

 with H. Tiumuli and lutcscens. The larva of H. nUidulus 

 is most likely to be confused vfith stigma, since it also occurs 

 on pines. Most probably larvae of H. orotypus, limbateUsu 

 j)ini, and atrifrons are all similar to stigma. 



The larvae are very active, but, when at rest, often stretch 

 themselves out along a pine needle, with the head towards 

 the base. 



For pupation, a loose cocoon of white silk is spun between 

 two or three needles, or in a crevice of the tree bark, and 

 in about a week the pupa is disclosed. The pupal stage 

 is short in summer, but may last through the whole winter, 

 since in this stage the insect hibernates when the weather 

 is too severe for active life. At first the colour of the 

 pupa is yellov/, v»dth the eyes black and sides of the dorsum 

 brown. Later, in from one and a half to three weeks, it 

 becomes uniformly dark brown, and now the imago can 

 emerge almost immediately, during any warm spell. If 

 cold weather persists, the entire winter may be passed in 

 this state of readiness. 



The first four cases above give times taken by larvae 

 which wintered as pupae. The two last give a winter life- 

 cycle with a very long period of incubation. While the 

 development of the pupa is arrested, in some cases as early 

 as September, and emergence does not take place until the 

 follov;ing year, it is clear that this is not always so, since 

 in December both larvae and imagines have been taken. 

 The winter larvae are generally quite dark grey in colour, 

 and show very few markings on the body. 



Boriomyia subnebulosa Stephens. 

 Wing expanse 14-18 mm. Prevailing colour dark grey or fuscous. 

 Fore-wings with three sectors to the radius ; Cuj is strongly mottled 



