li 



vincingly illustrated on p. 20 of his paper. Another ad- 

 vantage appears to follow from the author's observation of 

 repeated attacks on the same butterfly, viz. the existence of 

 a second eye-spot and tail to direct a later attack when the 

 first have been removed by an earlier one. 



Lycaenidae that have been presumably seized by an enemy 

 are often found to be more extensively injured on one side 

 than the other, and this the author explains by an attack 

 from behind and one side upon a butterfly with partially 

 opened wings. 



[Sinte the meeting on June 7, the specimens represented 

 on his plate have been kindly forwarded by Dr. Van 

 Someren. Prof. Poulton hoped to exhibit them to the Society 

 at an early meeting in the autumn session. July 5, 1922.] 



Symmetrical injuries to the wings of a butterfly 

 BRED IN CONFINEMENT. — Prof. PouLTON exhibited a specimen 

 of Papilio machaon L., bred at the Zoological Museum, Tring, 

 May 22, 1922, from one of many pupae collected by Mr. 

 J. Foster at Ranworth near Norwich. A symmetrical notch, 

 like that produced by a bird's beak, had removed half the 

 anal eye-spot of both hind-wings. The injury was probably 

 inflicted upon the closed wings, when soft, by one of the 

 other butterflies crowded in the breeding cage, perhaps by 

 the hard costal margin of the fore- wing, and it was unlikely 

 that such a cause would operate commonly in nature. 



Prof. Poulton also exhibited an example of Heodes phlaeas 

 L., with an unusually severe injury to all four wings. The 

 butterfly had been taken, June 4, 1922, at Hogley Bog, 

 Oxford, by Mr. A. H. Hamm, who observed the injury before 

 effecting the capture. It was probable that the insect, at 

 rest with wings upright, had been attacked, from behind 

 and the left side, by a bird whose bill had cut a deep notch 

 passing upwards through the anterior- half of the hind- 

 wings and invading with its apex the inner margin of the fore- 

 wings. 



The Ethiopian races of Heodes phlaeas L. — Prof. 

 Poulton said that, since his communication of October 15 

 last year (Proceedings, p. Ixxxi), he had been afforded the 

 opportunity of studying an Abyssinian series in the British 



