liv 



spot is concave or straight, the inner convex or straight. 

 Not one of the specimens resembled ethiopica in this respect. 



The shape of this spot shows great variation in phlaeas 

 of the Northern Belt, but the concavity is more generally 

 outward than inward and therefore more often like pseudo- 

 phlaeas than ethiopica. The spot is often rectangular, 

 rhomboidal, or more or less deformed; frequently shows a 

 tendency, generally more strongly marked on the under 

 surface, to become double; sometimes completely splits 

 into two. The form of the spot could probably be shown to 

 vary geographically if sufficient material were available. 

 Thus an interesting form with radiately drawn out F.W. 

 spots, occurring year after year (Strecker) in a limited area 

 in Massachusetts, has the spot double in four out of five 

 examples in the British Museum. Indications of division 

 are also distinct in radiate forms from Maine, and in two out 

 of four of the form americanus D'Urban, in the same collection. 



Out of eighteen examples collected in the Chusan Islands, 

 E. China, by Commander Walker (11 in British Museum, 

 7 in Hope Dept.) the great majority have the spot curved 

 inwards as in ethiopica ; in one it is very large and rhomboidal, 

 in four hourglass-shaped, a distinct indication of its double 

 nature still more clearly expressed on the under surface of 

 these and others of the series. 



As regards this character H. abhoti is nearer pseudophlaeas, 

 10 out of 48 in the Hope collection having an outwardly 

 curved spot, 6 an inwardly. Generally the spot is long and 

 narrow with straightish sides and often more or less con- 

 stricted, sometimes actually divided. It is also often 

 relatively small, thus approaching the S. African H. orus 

 Cram., in which it is often absent and always small as com- 

 pared with the rest of the series, although, in spite of this 

 reduction, it is divided in 5 out of the 34 specimens in the 

 Hope Department. The 19 examples of abhoti in the British 

 Museum resemble the Oxford series in this character. 



The Form of the Hind-wing. — The almost complete dis- 

 appearance of the " echancrure," or bay between the anal 

 angle, often becoming an anal tail, and the small " tail " 

 commonly present in phlaeas (the tail into which vein 2 is 



