228 EDWARD PHELPS ALUS, JUN. 



p. 48) that " Die Verljindung zwischen dem Nerv imd seinera 

 Endorgan ist . . . . in der Oiitogenie eine Priraare." 



Herrick finds^ in Menidia, what he considers as a " ramus 

 ophthalmicus profundus fused for its entire length with the 

 radix longa" (32, p. 209). The fibres that represent the 

 ramus profundus, thus identified, are said to be general 

 cutaneous ones. As all the other fibres that enter the radix 

 longa of the fish are said to be sympathetic ones, it seems as 

 if Herrick must arrive at his conclusion by the assumption 

 that the term radix longa should strictly be applied only to a 

 sympathetic nerve. This seems to me an error, for Thane 

 says (61, p. 238) that the "long or sensory root" of the 

 ciliary ganglion of man arises from the nasal branch of the 

 ophthalmic trunk, and is wholly separate from the " middle 

 or sympathetic root" of the gauglion. The so-called long 

 root thus here contains no sympathetic fibres. Moreover, 

 Schwalbe says (57) that, in the dog, the ramus naso-ciliaris 

 sends a radix longa to the ciliary ganglion, and that ganglion 

 is, according to Holtzmann (37), partly spinal and partly 

 sympathetic in character. 'I'he radix longa of the animal 

 must, accordingly, very probably contain general cutaneous 

 as well as sympathetic fibres, and yet there is a distinct and 

 separate ramus naso-ciliaris, the homologue of the ramus pro- 

 fundus of fishes. I should accordingly look upon the general 

 cutaneous fibres of the radix longa of Menidia as an integral 

 part of that root, and not as a remnant of the ramus pro- 

 fundus, that ramus being wholly wanting, as it is in other 

 teleosts, so far as known. This is, moreover, practically 

 shown to be the case, by the arrangement found in Scomber, 

 where there is (7) a radix longa, which arises from a separate 

 and independent profundus ganglion, and is later joined by 

 sympathetic strands from a large sympathetic ganglion asso- 

 ciated with the trigeminal ganglion. 



SUMMAEY. 



There are, in fishes, several ophthalmic nerves between 

 which it is necessary to carefully distinguish. While their 



