The Circulatory and Nephridial Apparatus of 
the Nemertea. 
By 
A. C. Qudemans, 
Conservator at the Zoological Museum of the University of Utrecht. 
With Plates I, II and II. 
THIs paper was originally written in the Dutch language 
and served as a “ specimen inaugurale”’ for obtaining the Doc- 
torate in the Faculty of Natural Science at the University of 
Utrecht. 
The subject has been subdivided by me under the following 
heads : 
a. History of the subject. 
b. Enumeration of the investigated species and description 
of the method applied. 
c. Description of the new genus Carinoma (=Valen- 
cinia Armandi, MclInt.), and comparison of Carinoma 
with Carinella, Cephalotrix and Valencinia. 
d. Results of the investigation. 
e. Summary. 
f. Literature of the subject. 
g. Explanation of the plates. 
a. History oF THE SUBJECT. 
It was DELLE Cutage (1, 2) who first discovered the blood- 
vessels or circulatory apparatus of the Nemertea. In the 
1 
