b52 P. HERBERT CARPENTER. 
the glandular nature of the so-called heart of a Starfish! say 
not aword respecting its communication with the exterior 
through the madreporite, although Perrier had previously de- 
scribed this communication in the Urchins. This omission is 
a significant one. Then, again, Jourdain,? who seems to have 
been the first to describe the glandular appearance of the sup- 
posed heart, not only gave no account of its having any com- 
munication with the exterior through the madreporite, but 
positively asserted that the pore-canals of this plate have no 
internal connection otherwise than with the water-tube, just 
as described by Ludwig some years later. 
The latter author devoted some attention to the dorsal ter- 
mination of the ovoid gland of a Starfish, and he found that, 
after passing through the aboral vascular ring, it entered 
“die kleine Hohlung welche die Ampulle der Madreporen-: 
platte enthalt . . . . Das Herzende durchsetzt diese Hohlung 
(fig. 9) und befestigt sich dann schliesslich in ihr und zwar in 
ihrem zumeist dem Centrum der Ruckenhaut zugekehrten - 
Theile (figs. 10,11). Soweit meine Beobachtungen reichen, 
gehért derjenige Theil der Hohlenwandung, an welchem sich 
das Herz inserirt, nicht mehr der Madreporenplatte selbst an, 
sondern dem unmittelbar daran anstossenden Bezirke der 
Korperwand.””’ 
Let us compare with the above statements the description 
given by Perrier and confirmed by Koehler respecting the 
dorsal termination of the ovoid gland in an Urchin. Both 
authors rely principally on the injection method. Perrier 
tells us that ‘La matiére colorante, aprés avoir rempli la cavité 
cardiaque, passe dans un canal qui fait suite 4 la pointe supé- 
rieure du cceur et va remplir un espace infundibuliforme compris 
entre la plaque madréporique et la membrane de revétement 
1 «Sur Appareil circulatoire des Etoiles de mer,” ‘Comptes Rendus,’ 
March 6th, 1882, t. xciv, pp. 658—660. 
2 “Recherches sur |’Appareil circulatoire de ’Etoile de mer commune 
(Asteracanthion rubens),” ‘Comptes Rendus,’ t. lxv, 1867, pp. 1002— 
1004. 
3 Loe. cit., pp. 130, 131. 
