118 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on Biaposematism, loith reference 



from it and only the round spot above the cell is left. 

 Here, at least, it is clear that, so far as concerns the brown 

 patch, it is not the Fapilio which has influenced the 

 Flanema, but vice versa. 



A final point may be noticed. On the West Coast the 

 genus Planema attains its greatest development and 

 the echeria type of Amauris is absent; the mimetic 

 zenohia Papilios therefore all mimic Flanema. In East 

 and South Africa where A. echeria and alhimaculata occur 

 with Flanema, the Papilios have abandoned the latter and 

 mimic the Amauris; the reason being, no doubt, that the 

 Amauris are much less particular as to the stations which 

 they frequent and are to be found commonly flying right 

 in the shady forests where the Papilios live. The facts 

 appear to fully support Mr. Trimen's view that with these 

 Papilios the earlier tendency was to mimic Flanema and 

 that they have later been diverted towards Amaiiris (cf. 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. 1902, p. 488). 



VI. The suggested diaposcmatic resemUance between the two 

 Eastern Fierines Huphina corva aoid Ixias baliensis, $. 



This suggestion was made by Dr. Dixey in a short paper 

 in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1906 (p. 521, PI. XXXI). He there 

 calls attention to the fact that H. nerissa corva differs from 

 the typical nerissa of Continental India in the greater 

 width of the black border on the hind-wings. This it is 

 suggested is a mimetic approach towards the $ of Ixias 

 haliensis, which is only a slight local modification of 

 /. reinioardtii. But so far as concerns the fore-wings, 

 /. haliensis has departed from the normal colouring of 

 $ Ixias by the development of a row of four whitish sub- 

 marginal spots in the apical black area. In this case it 

 is claimed that the Ixias has mimicked the Huphina, so 

 that there has been a reciprocal mimetic interchange. 



This interpretation involves the assumption of unpalat- 

 ability in both the species. My friends, Colonel C. T. 

 Bingham, Colonel N. Manders and Mr. E. Shelford, who 

 are all acquainted with both genera in the field, inform 

 me that while the Huphinas certainly exhibit a slow flight 

 and a general demeanour which would suggest the posses- 

 sion of unpleasant qualities, such is by no meaas the case 

 with the species of Ixias, which are active and wary insects. 

 This fact, taken in conjunction with the obviously procryptic 



