310 Dr. T. A. Chapman on 



with no very marked transition, even when a spine or two 

 is present on the angle. 



When we come to the ordinary imaginal characters, we 

 find nerine has the usual Erehia markings on both surfaces, 

 whereas Icfehvrci and mclas are very wanting in the red- 

 brown of the ujaper surface and the ^^ have usually the 

 hind-wings beneath pure black, with no very decided 

 markings, except the ocelli. This, in fact, is the ground, 

 and the only one that I know of for uniting melas and 

 Icfehvrci. Yet this is a feature in which a great many 

 species vary so much. As every one knows, a form of 

 glacialis was for some time called mclas, var, nickolli, and 

 really it was extremely difficult to say in what it differed 

 from mdas\ it took this form in its well-known habitat 

 near Campiglio. It agreed with glacialis in a habitat of 

 about 8,000 feet. It differed from it, in any other places 

 where I have taken glacialis, now a good many, in all the 

 specimens being of fairly uniform type, viz. closely resemb- 

 ling melas ; in other localities, darker or lighter forms, or 

 others occur together in varying proportions. There is 

 always some range of variation. M. Calberla, however, 

 showed that the male appendages proved nicholli without 

 a shadow of doubt to be glacialis. This is perhaps the 

 most marked and celebrated case of a mclas form presented 

 by an Erclna that is often of fairly ordinary Erehia facias. 

 But 'pronoc, manto and others have well-known dark forms. 

 When we come to the few wing-markings these species 

 present, that have a real value for specific distinction, we 

 find lefehvrci by itself and nerine and melas in agreement. 

 All have the pair of ocelli on the fore-wings between 

 veins 4 and 6. All have in addition, but rarely, the apical 

 spot between 6 and 7. When this occurs we find it in 

 lefehvrei in a line with the other two, as in evias. But in 

 nerine and melas, it is nearer the margin as in stygnc, not 

 quite so far out as in stygne but nearly so. When I 

 wanted to examine as many specimens as possible, as to 

 this and other characters, I looked over the series in the 

 British^Museum at South Kensington, and the first Icfehvrci 

 that caught my eye had this apical spot very far out ; this 

 did not accord with my other observations, but a second 

 glance showed this specimen to be one of stygnc, a species 

 that often flies with lefehvrei. This specimen had, up till 

 the date of my examination, escaped detection as an 

 intruder. The circumstance illustrates how difficult it 



