Erebia lefehvrei and Lycmna 2^renaica. 311 



sometimes is to separate some species of Erebia from each 

 other. Some specimens of stygnc that I took flying with 

 lefcbvrei required rather close scrutiny to detect , I was 

 always able, however, to say which species a doubtful 

 specimen belonged to, before examining the appendages, 

 but it is extremely useful to have so certain a method to 

 fall back upon for confirmation, the appendages of lefehvrei 

 and stygne being so abundantly different. 



The ocelli of the fore-wing present another very decisive 

 character. They are much nearer the margin in lefehvrei 

 than in the others. Comparing specimens much alike for 

 size and other things, the 2nd ocellus is 2*5 mm. from the 

 cilia in lefehvrei, 4'0 mm. in melas, and the upper of the 

 two apical ocelli is in melas, as compared with lefehvrei, 

 further from the margin to a greater proportional distance 

 than the second. The difference in alignment when the 

 third apical spot is present already referred to, might be 

 perhaps more correctly described as due to a difference in 

 position of the usual first spot rather than of the accessory 

 one. (PI. VIII.) 



The fascia of the under-side, especially of the under-wing, 

 presents features that are perhaps more to be depended on 

 in distinguishing the species of Erebia from each other, 

 than any other. (PI. IX.) 



The three forms we are considering, belonging as they 

 do to the same group of Erebia, have a general similarity 

 on the under-sides. The females, as usual, presenting the 

 markings characteristic of the species much more evidently 

 than the males. In lefehvrei, indeed, one might say the 

 under-side of the hind-wing of the male is uniformly deep 

 black (ocelli apartj, but in a few specimens, that are very 

 perfect indeed, a slightly different tone of the black, or 

 one might almost say a mere difference in the polish of 

 the surface, shows the markings in the characteristic line, 

 that is quite plain in the females. In melas the males are 

 very black beneath, but the black is not so deep and 

 intense as in lefcbvrei, and it has to be a decidedly bad 

 specimen in which the characteristic marking is invisible. 



In many Erebiie there is, underneath the hind-wing, a 

 pale transverse band in which the ocelli are placed ; this 

 band is well developed in euryale and iethiops. In our 

 species it is also quite distinct. 



The darker marsfin outside the band is difficult to see 



