Dh G. B. Longstaff's Bionomid Notes on Butterfim. 627 



§ 4. Butterjlies hearing marks of the attacks of foes. 



This very interesting bionomic point we owe almost 

 entirely to Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., and Mr. Guy A. K. 

 Marshall.* A list of the butterflies presumably injured 

 by enemies noted by me in India comprised 31 specimens 

 of 28 species.f I append further lists, which amply prove 

 Prof Poulton's statement that such specimens only want 

 looking for. In nearly every case the injury is symmetrical, 

 i. e. affecting the corresponding parts of both right and 

 left wings, so that the probability of the injury being the 

 result of damage during flight by branches or thorns is 

 very small. 



Neotropical Butterflies {West Indies, Venezuela, etc.), 1907. 



Ewptychia fliarella, Butl. A small symmetrical injury 

 to tips of fore-wings : ? by bird. 



Ewptychia hesione, Sulz. Symmetrical injury to middle 

 of hind-wings : ? by bird. 



Anartia jatrophse, Linn. A big unilateral injury in- 

 volving both right wings, noted before capture. 



Cystincura dorcas, Fabr. Symmetrical injury to tips of 

 hind-wings. 



Didonis hihlis, Fabr. ^. Injury to anal angles of both 

 hind-wings. 



Myscelia cyaniris, Hew. Symmetrical injury to hind- 

 wings : ? by bird. 



Aganisthos orion, Fabr. Symmetrical injury to hind- 

 wings: ?by lizard. 



Colmnis cillene, $ . Nearly symmetrical injury to anal 

 angles of fore-wings. 



Colxnis cillene, $. Symmetrical injury to hind-wingsj 

 ? by lizard. 



Helicmiius charithonia, Linn. $ . Symmetrical injury 

 to hind-wings. 



Thecla togarna, Hew. $. Symmetrical injury to hind- 

 wings, involving lobes and tails. 



Glutophrissa drusilla, Cram. ^ . Symmetrical injury to 

 both hind-wings : ? by lizard. 



* Poulton, " Essays on Evolution," 1908, pp. 270, 281-3, 325, as 

 Well as the references there given. 



t Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, p. 134. 



TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1908.— PART IV. (jAN. 1909) 41 



