646 Dr. G. B. Longstaff's Bionomic Notes on Butterflies. 



attention to the direction of the sun's rays, though one 

 varmona was certainly seen to adjust its tail to the sun. 



Castalius tvswion, Fabr. Two specimens seen to orient 

 with wings up. 



So77ie English Satyrines. 



I have previously recorded my experience * that in the 

 great majority of cases Pararge mgeria, Linn., and P. megiBva, 

 Linn., settle with their wings expanded and with their 

 tails pointed towards the sun, though occasionally both 

 species sit across the sun, but even in that case with 

 wings expanded. 



The following note may be added : — 



Mortehoe, 14 September, 1907, late afternoon. P. megmra 

 found asleep upon the face of a rock, about 3 ft. 

 above ground : its head up, antennae porrected but 

 separated ; wings in close contact ; fore-wings drawn 

 back so that no fulvous colour was exposed. 



Upinephele tithonus, Linn. 



The following observations show that the habits of this 

 butterfly, as regards orientation, are similar to those of 

 Pararge megssra. 



Mortehoe, 20 July, 1906. E. tithonus. A specimen ob- 

 served settled across the sun, with wings closed. 



Same place and day. Another specimen seen to settle 

 twice ; oriented, with wings open. 



Mortehoe, 11 August, 1907. A specimen settled on the 

 ground, oriented, wings three-quarters open. 



Mortehoe, 15 August, 1907. A specimen settled on grass; 

 across the sun, wings closed. It was disturbed by a 

 $ E. janira, it settled again and this time oriented 

 and closed its wings, making no shadow. 



Same place and day. A $ settled on a leaf, oriented wings 

 open. 



Same place and day. A ^ seen to settle three times on 

 leaves, with wings open ; twice it faced the sun and 

 then partially adjusted itself; the third time it 

 oriented correctly. 



* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1906, pp. 98, 99, 



