Dr. G. B. Longstaff's Bionomic Notes on Butterflies. 647 



Same place and day. A $ settled on grass, oriented, wings 



half to fully open. 

 Same place and day. A $ on a bramble leaf, oriented, 



wings three-quarters to fully open : it was twice 



observed to close its wings leaving little shadow ; the 



eye-spot on the fore-wing was exposed. 

 Same place and day. A ^ on a leaf of HeracUum, wings 



three-quarters open, oriented ; it momentarily closed 



its wings, leaving no shadow. 

 Same place and day. A ^ on a bramble leaf, oriented, 



wings three-quarters open. 

 Same place and day. A ^ on a bramble leaf, wings quite 



open, imperfectly oriented. 

 Same place and day. A $ twice seen settled across the 



sun, wings closed, but eye-spot visible. 

 Mortehoe, 22 August, 1907. A $ oriented, wings three- 

 quarters open. 

 Mortehoe, 24 August, 1907. A ^ half-oriented. 

 Same place and day. A $ on a leaf, imperfectly oriented. 



Epinephele hyperanthus, Linn. 



This is a restless butterfly, and takes long to settle ; 

 however, I have this note : — 



Mortehoe, 20 July, 1906. Four E. hyperanthus seen to 

 orient, with wings three-quarters open. 



§10. "List" and Shadoio. 



In my paper on some Rest-attitudes of Butterflies, I 

 gave instances of Satyrine butterflies which usually close up 

 their wings when settled and have a habit of then leaning 

 over to one side. This I termed a " list." The object of 

 the manoeuvre appeared to be to aid concealment, but my 

 first observations were imperfect in the important respect 

 that the direction of the list, whether towards or away 

 from the sun, was not recorded. The fact of listing was 

 observed by me in India and Japan, and by Dr. Dixey and 

 myself in England and South Africa.* 



To the " listing " butterflies I am now able to add, from 

 my own observations, a Neotropical species, also belonging 

 to the Satyrinie. 



* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, pp. 135, 136 : also 1906, pp. 109- 

 111. 



