PTEROCLURUS ALCHATUS CAUBACUTUS 281 



lores and edge of forehead, sides of head and the neck rufous hke 

 those parts in the male but paler and duller ; chin and throat white 

 in the centre ; a fairly well-detiued black line from behind the eye. 

 Scapulars and innermost secondaries like the back, but the bars 

 wider and bolder and with more grey and with the ends yellow-ochre 

 narrowly edged with black. Primaries and their coverts like those of 

 the male. Secondary, greater and median coverts white with rufous 

 subterminal bands and black edges, the bases, where covered, barred 

 rufous and black ; outer secondary-coverts and median primary- 

 coverts with broad white terminal bars edged black. Below the 

 rufous of the fore-neck there is a wide collar of black followed by a 

 narrow fringe of the same colour as the neck, which merges into 

 grey and is then followed by another narrow band of black. From 

 this band the colours are as in the male, a broad band of rufous, a 

 narrow band of black or very deep chocolate, and the rest white. 



The females, when adult, differ to much the same extent as 

 the male underneath, but above the range of variation is con- 

 siderably greater, some birds being much more boldly and richly 

 marked than others, and the amount of yellow markings and the 

 extent to which the slate-grey bars take the place of the black 

 on the scapulars and the dorsal region is variable. 



Measurements. — Wing 765 (= 194 mm.) to 8'30 inches {— 'iSOB 

 mm.) with an average of 7'99 (= '202'9 mm.), tarsus about '97 

 (= 2-l'5 mm.) and bill at front about '49 (= 12'6 mm.) The tail 

 averages a good deal shorter than the male, the longest I have 

 seen being 6"2 (= 157'2 mm.), whilst many are well under 

 5 (= 127 mm.). 



Females. — "Weight 825 to 11"2.5 ozs." (Himie.) 



The colours of the soft parts are the same as in the male. 



Immature Male. — In males not yet fully adult much of the barring 

 of the upper parts as in the female is still retained, the head is 

 wholly barred, the chin and throat white and the fore-neck dull olive- 

 buff with large black spots. The black of the throat is acquired in 

 patches, and finally the well-marked crown, etc., of the adult male, 

 though birds, otherwise fully adult, may be found with a few barred 

 feathers on the upper head. 



Plumage of young female. — Chin and throat white ; whole upper 



