99 
Dr. T. A. Chapman on Calloiihrys avis. 
Callophrijs avi.‘i lias a pupa (Plate XIX) very similar to that of G. 
a little larger and stouter, length 10 mm.; measurement does not, 
however, show that it is any stouter. In this living pupa the pale 
(brown) ground-colour seems more easily seen and more abundant 
than on ruhi, and the two tints brown and black seem more dis¬ 
tinctly separated. The abdominal dorsum distinctly looks paler than 
in ruhi, owing to the gi'eater amount of brown ; this may easily, 
however, be a matter of racial or even individual variation. 
The spiracles (abdominal) are more obvious in 0. aris, being nearly 
white on a very small brown area, whilst in C. rubi they are brown 
on a (usually) rather larger brown area. The hair and surface 
sculpturing present no differences to be detected in the living pupa. 
The cremaster appears to possess a much larger number of hooks, 
corresponding with the more frequent occurrence of a practicable 
girdle. 
On August 26th, 1909, I overhauled pupae of C. avis 
and C. rubi. Those of C. avis have wings very black and 
opaque; those of rubi are brown, in some, suggesting 
that there was clear fluid under a brown skin, but in 
others (to my surprise) the brown was paler and opaque 
suggesting wing-development going on, and in these the 
eye-spots were also blackening. The eyes and wings of 
C. avis were too black and opaque to make it probable 
similar changes, if going on, would be visible. Kept several 
advancing rubi up in warm room to see if they would 
force, but without effect after several weeks. With hardly 
an exception the C. rubi were all on the earth at the 
bottom of the jars, or even in if not below it, and without 
an adhesion to anything. The C. avis were equally away 
from the ground, an inch or more, and with some attach¬ 
ment in man}^ cases, and in one or two with something like 
a distinct girth. The decay of material to which they 
were attached made this impossible to verify in probably a 
good proportion of cases in which it had existed. 
The egg (Plate XXIII, et seq.) is laid in the flowers of 
Coriaria my7'tifolia,those I saw laid naturally on the calyx of 
the male flower, and providing them with similar material I 
found those in captivity did the same, varying a little by 
laying occasionally on the stamens, as well as on the short 
flower-stalks, and even on the stems at the base of the 
flowering racemes. 
In no case was an egg attached by anything but its 
lower surface, and though put to some extent out of 
II 2 
