481 
a Group of Lycaenid Butterflies. 
lysimon there appears to be the usual narrow dorsal bridge, 
but further back is another transverse strip, that is at first 
glance very puzzling, as the membrane that attached it to 
the other portion is lost in maceration. This lower bridge 
is seen in figs. 18, 19 and 20. Another item is a distal, 
weakly-chitinised, finger-like proces.s, best seen in ossa, but 
also very evident in other species; see fig. 13, malm. It 
is also very plain in indica (fig. 29). 1 have also noted 
(under ossa) another projection (see fig. 19). 
It is noteworthy that both these processes occur (some¬ 
what modified) in Antizcra, especially atrigemmata and 
lucida. The Indian Zizeerias were those in which I first 
was interested, and a critical examination of these affords 
a solution of nearly all difficulties. 
De Niceville (“ Butterflies of India,” 1890) gave thirteen 
species, but stated definitely his opinion that there were 
really only four species. Bingham (“ Fauna of British 
India,” 1907) adopted this view and gives only four 
species. 
The fact is that there are six species of Zizeeria {sensu 
lato) in British India. In Butler’s inclusive list of the species 
in the Proc. Zool. Soc. (1900) these six species appear 
under nine names, or eleven if we include names applied 
to the same species in other regions. 
The six Indian species are malm, ossa, karsandra, gaika, 
otis and sangra. The two last names represent two dis¬ 
tinct species, one of which, sangra, is a form of lahradus ; 
if the name otis belongs really to the same species, then 
the other species is indica (Murray). 
In Butler’s list, antanossa is a distinct (African) species 
allied to otis {indica), and atrigemmata probably belongs 
to the Zizeeriid group, but to a genus very distinct from 
Zizera. 
Gaika is certainly related to the Zizeeriidi, but its neu- 
ration and the dorsal armature of the appendages make 
its exact position very doubtful. It certainly does not 
belong to the genus Zizeeria (type kccrsandra). 
We have then six (or seven if we make lysimon and kar- 
saiulra distinct) species of true Zizeeriids, i.e. that conform 
to my definition of them as possessing very long slender 
curved and sharp-pointed hooks (or articulated spines) to 
the dorsal armature of the male appendages (making with 
gaika, seven (or eight)). 
When we consider the structure of the male clasps, 
