485 
a Group of Lycaenid Butterflies. 
the spots in the row are small like lysimon, they are 
graduated as in harsandra, and the appendages are those 
of karsandra. Fig. 4 is abnormal as showing a spot 
beneath that in the cell. 
Figs. 20 and 24 (karsandm), show how closely the clasp 
is related in form to those of maha and ossa. 
2. Lysimon. —I incline to agree with Butler in treating 
lysimon and karsandra as distinct species; at any rate, it 
is the most convenient way of dealing with them, though 
I am not disposed to quarrel with any one who asserts 
them to be only si;b-species or marked geographical races 
of a single species, as it would be a quarrel rather about 
words than fact. 
The points of difference between lysimon (fig. 1) and kar¬ 
sandra (fig. 4) are ; 1st, Underside spotting, the pattern is 
nearly identical, but the spots of upper wing are small, of 
equal size, and in a slightly curved row in lysimon, large, 
of varying si 2 !e and in a much bent row in karsandra. 
This crisp statement may somewhat exaggerate the differ¬ 
ence, but it serves, in my experience, to separate the two 
forms, with few exceptions. 2ud, The appendages differ in 
the two forms; lysimon has the form shown in figs. 22 and 
23. Figs. 22 and 23 are practically of the same form, the 
attitude of the clasp being rather different in the two 
specimens. This I take to be the usual form of the append¬ 
ages in the species. Fig. 23 is from a specimen from 
Teneriffe, and does perhaps differ a little from the more 
typical form shown in fig. 22 in the greater width just 
below the crown of teeth, and by the less prominence 
of the terminal teeth. Figs. 20 and 24 show the form 
in karsandra. Here the terminal teeth project more 
markedly by a narrowing of the neck below and by a 
depression in the middle of the toothed margin, so that 
what one may call the heel is more prominent than is the 
toe, as in fig. 22. 3rd, The third point is the geogra¬ 
phical distribution; lysimon is African (with a small 
subsidiary European range) ; karsandra is Asiatic. 
It is of some importance to note that there seems to be 
no intermediate, no gradation of one form with the other. 
Yet in the Red Sea region they apparently meet. I have 
lysimon from Aden and karsandra from Egypt and South 
France. The latter (from Lang collection) is doubtless 
erroneous. Whether those from Egypt are so or not 1 
cannot say. 
