490 
])r. T. A. Chapman on Zizccrin, 
otis and indica is precisely that wliich I draw between 
sangra and indica. The B. M. material which he so dis¬ 
tributes, is, as judged by its labelling and localities, simply 
otis = sangra—indica distinct; since sangra is a form of 
labradus, the distinction between these two forms that 
Mr. Butler draws, confirms my view that otis is a synonym 
of labradus. The same conclusion is led to by the evidence 
given by Kershaw (which I refer to under maha) as to the 
species found at Hong Kong. 
Taking tcdjradiis as the first species, we have to enlarge 
our conception of that insect by adding most of the forms 
known usually as otis, as sangra, and also my recently 
described dryina. Its range must also be extended north¬ 
ward to the Himalayas, and to Hong Kong (Kershaw) 
(again a suggestion that it is otis), and in fact to include 
the habitats recorded for otis. 
The Indian (or sangra form) seems to be rare con- 
tinentally. I have a specimen labelled by Moore “ N. Ind., ” 
and one from Burmah. My other specimens are from Ungu, 
Mergui (Moore Coll.), Andamans, Nicobars, Key Islands, 
Celebes, and in the form dryina from Java and Sumatra. 
Indica, on the other hand, has a comparatively very 
restricted habitat, India, south and west, including Ceylon, 
north-east as far as Lucknow. Labradus has an immense 
range of variation geographical, seasonal, and aberrational. 
The size varies from {lahradus) 32 mm., (dryina) 34 mm., 
down to 20 or even less in the sangra forms. The spots 
beneath, especially beneath the hindwing, vary, as in 
maha, from very distinct black spots in Avhite circles, to 
mere ghosts in which the spots and circles are almost of 
the ground-colour. How far this variation is seasonal 
only, I don’t know. 
Sangra may be distinguished from indica by the com¬ 
parative straightness of the row of spots under the fore¬ 
wings and their smaller and more uniform size, and by 
the position of the second spot (from the costa) in the row 
beneath the hindwing. In labradus {sangra) it is placed 
so that the line it forms wdth the first spot would pass 
close to the discal line and, if continued, would strike the 
sixth spot. In indica it is less basal, so that a similar 
line would strike the fourth spot. Both these points are 
well brought out in figs. 5 {sangra) and 6 {indica). 
The form dryina (Proc. Ent. Soc., 1908, p. Ixxxii) is 
very large, superficially very like Lycacnopsis argiolus 
