Mr. R. Trimen on the Nymphaline Genus Euralia. 499 
colouring of their models, the very variable Plcmemae — 
every variation in both sexes appearing to be faithfully 
copied throughout tropical and sub-tropical Africa wher¬ 
ever the genus Planema prevails. I mentioned that of the 
very limited number (about 20) of provisionally recognised 
species and sub-species of Plancmci, 10 were already known 
to be thus deceptively mimicked by corresponding forms 
of Pseudacraea, and expressed the opinion that other 
parallel cases probably remained undiscovered. Similarly, 
among about 26 provisionally admitted species and sub¬ 
species of Amauris, I find 8 cases of unquestionable mimi¬ 
cry by forms of Euralia. 
E. mima and E. toaJilbergi are the representatives in 
the east and south-east sub-region of the West African 
E. dubia, Palis.,- and E. anthedon, Doubl.,* and like these 
latter mimic very accurately species of the Danaine genus 
Amam'is widely differing from each other in appearance. 
The very variable E. dubia seems to follow in its variations 
A. egialca. Cram., A. psyttalea, Plbtz, A. hecate, Butl., and 
A. tartarea, Mab., inhabiting the same country; but E. 
anthedon seems to be constant in mimicking A. niavius, 
Linn. In the same manner the eastern and south¬ 
eastern E. mima imitates closely A. cdbimaeidata, Butl, and 
—very rarely— A. eeheria, Stoll; while E. wahlbergi copies 
A. niavius, sub-sp. dominicanus, Trim.f The third Natalian 
form of Euralia — E. deceptor, Trim.—is more prevalent on 
the tropical East African coast up to the equator, and 
imitates in its turn, with equal accuracy, A. oehlea, Boisd., 
which has the same geographical range. Since its dis- 
* Aurivillius (Ent. Tidskr., 1894, p. 282) note.s a Camaroon ^ 
Anthedon and a Kaflrarian ^ wahlbergi whicli nearly approximated 
in the width of the hindmarginal border of the hindwings, and ex¬ 
presses the opinion that this shows them to be local races of the 
same species. He also mentions {1. c., p. 281) that a $ A. dubia var. 
c.erberus, Auriv., from Camaroon has the spots of the forewings quite 
like those represented in my figure of E. mima from Natal in Trans. 
Linn. Soc. Lond., xxvi, pi. xliii, f. 7 (1869). 
t In Madagascar, a variation of E. wahlbergi, named mada- 
gascariensis by Mabille, appears to be modified in simulation of 
Amauris nossima, Ward, inhabiting the same island ; and a form 
intermediate between E. dubia and E. mima, the drucei of Butler, 
prevails—although there is no known Amauris from Madagascar 
that could be its model. It seems possible that the dimorphism now 
represented by madagascariensis and drucei had been developed and 
established in the continental-African ancestors of these forms before 
their range had extended to Madagascar, 
