290 Part IIT.—-Twenty-fourth Annual Report 
XL—ON TWO CASES OF HERMAPHRODITISM IN THE COD 
(GADUS CALLARIAS). 
By H. Cuartes Wiriramson, M.A., D.Sc., Marine Laboratory, 
Aberdeen. | 
(Plates XV., XVL) 
Several cases of Hermaphroditism were noticed among the cod landed 
in Aberdeen during March, 1906. Two of these were secured from local 
fish-curing yards for the Marine laboratory. A third was reported to the 
Fishery Board from Whitehills; and a fourth is known to have been 
observed in Aberdeen. 
The specimens here described were examined after having been two 
months in formaline solution ; they exhibit two different arrangements 
of the ovaries and testes. In one case, fig. 1, pl. xv. and xvi. a fully 
developed female reproductive organ bears at the anterior extremity of 
each ovary a small testis, forming a symmetrical hermaphrodite organ. 
The other example (fig. 2, pl. xv. and fig. 4, pl. xvi.) shows a single roe 
of large size united to a full-sized testis. The organ on the right side is 
female, that on the left is male. 
The symmetrical roe weighed about 53 lb. It contained transparent 
eggs, showing that the roe was nearly ripe. The testis contained some 
ripe sperms, but there were none in the vas deferens. The testis, though 
well developed, was considerably short of being ripe. The main blood- 
vessel, J.v., of the ovary reaches that organ at its anterior extremity. It 
is continued over the dorsum of the ovary along the base of the mesentery 
(after giving off a large branch to pass down on the inner surface of the 
ovary) to unite at the junction of the two ovaries with the corresponding 
vessel of the opposite organ. Before it reaches the ovary this large 
vessel gives off two branches b!.y!. and 6?.v?., one to each end of the 
loop-formed testis (fig. 2, pl. xvi.). Between the branch blood-vessels and 
the frill of the testis lies the vas deferens. This duct is closed at one 
end of the testis loop, viz., at VD, and it opens by its other extremity, 
V'D*, into the ovary, by three small openings. These openings were not 
so guarded as to prevent the eggs from getting out into the vas deferens, 
but the eggs found there were small yoked eggs, and they may have been 
forced out by the handling to which the roe was subjected. A fully ripe 
egg would probably not pass through the apertures. The general form 
of the testis is that of a loop; it is shown diagrammatically in fig. 3. 
The great development of the testis-frill on so short an extent of vas 
deferens has formed it into a compact mass, wherein the vas deferens is 
not to be seen until the folds are forced apart. The large blood-vessel of 
the ovary is accompanied by a thick walled vessel (v.) having a very 
small lumen. 
The asymmetrical organ weighed 3? lb. The ovary contained trans- 
parent eggs. Some ripe sperms were present in the testis; but there 
were none in the was deferens. In this case a normal ovary is accom- 
panied by a normal testis (fig. 4). The two unite in the anal region 
just as two ovarics or two testes do, and their ripe products escape by the 
