298 Part IT1.—Twenty-fourth Annual Report 
9:2mm. and 93mm. Counting from the fertilisation of the egg, the sizes 
at different ages were as follows :— 
| Mm. Increase. ee 
| Mm. Mm. 
One Month, Al 10-11 = 1718 
Two Months, ata 17-19 7-8 34-36 
Three ,, | 30-35 13-16 45-50 
Four ,, Seal 48-54 18-19 55-61 
Bive 2h, a 65-70 17-16 65-72 
The small growth in the early stages was ascribed to deficient food, 
and when the arrangements were modified growth was quicker; and at 
the end of the five months those artificially reared were of the same size 
as those under natural conditions. 
Another work dealing with the growth of the herring, especially of the 
Baltic, is by Travis Jenkins, (16), and his conclusions were founded on 
the examination of the otoliths of over 300 herrings, almost all from 
Kiel Bay, like those of Meyer. These conclusions are as follows :— 
= ve Growth in Each 
Age. Total Length. Weight. Wana 
Mm. | Grammes. Mm. Gm. 
One Year,  ... 113-121 8 117 
Two Years, ... 156-164 3 43 22 
Mhreew se 190-198 50 34 20 
ours * Me i 217-225 70 27 20 
Rive, hats 4 237-245 90 20 20 
With regard to the age at which the herring attains maturity, Jenkins 
places it at three years, when it has a length of 190mm. to 198mm. (74 to 
77% inches). Jenkins found that in the Windebyer Noor, a small piece 
of water at Eckernférde, which has scarcely any communication with 
the sea, and is very brackish, the mature herrings were remarkably small, 
though three years of age, according to the otoliths. They measured 
from 127mm, to 150mm. (5-6 inches), and furnish good examples of the 
probable effect of diminished salinity on growth, although there are 
other conditions in this case which may have an important influence. 
(d) Masterman and Cunningham. 
Another paper on the growth of the herring must be referred to, viz.,- 
by Masterman (17), who assigns a very moderate rate of growth to the 
early stages, but comes nearer the truth than some of the others whose 
conclusions have been quoted. 
His investigation was made on a very large collection of young herrings 
from newly-hatched lJarve and upwards, accumulated by Professor 
M‘Intosh at St. Andrews. They comprised both spring and autumn 
spawners, Enormous numbers of young herrings, just emerged from the 
egg, occur in St, Andrew’s Bay at the beginning of March, sometimes a 
little earlier and sometimes a little later, and last in great abundance 
through April and May. Their average length is about 7mm. ; when 
about 10mm. long they leave the bottom for mid-water, and when some 
20mm. to 25mm. in length reach the surface or near it, and then migrate 
shorewards, frequenting the mouths of rivers. They can be traced in 
the same localities till mid-winter, when they have a length of some 
