126 Morten P. Porsild. 



2. Darts. 



a) The Eskimo bird-darts for killing sea-fowl. 



b) The various forms of bladder-darts for hunting seals, sea- 

 otters and other aquatic game. 



3. Spears. 

 Fish-spears for catching various kinds of fish. 



4. Arrows. 



a) The various forms of blunt, pointed or barbed arrows for 

 various kinds of hunting on land. 



b) The peculiar sea-otter arrows, which were used by the 

 Western Eskimo. They form a transition to darts. 



5. Lances. 



a) The large kayak lances with movable, but not detachable 

 foreshafts. 



b) Lances with detachable points used for hunting deer in 

 ponds, or as reserve weapons, on harpoon shafts. 



c) The large, but little-known whale lances. 



d) The small kayak lances without movable or detachable 

 points or foreshafts. They form an easy transition to dag- 

 gers or knives. 



II. Harpoons {tukaq, 375, plur. tiikait). 



Morphology and Terminology. Difîerent authors have ap- 

 plied various principles in the orientation of the harpoon. I use here 

 the following nomenclature, which appears to me to be the clearest and 

 most comprehensible, and is also in all essentials in accordance with 

 that of Mason and Swenander. I call the end where the blade is in- 

 serted the fore end and the other the hinder end. I call the plane which 

 passes between the line holes the vertical plane. As the majority of 

 harpoons are symmetrical this plane may in addition be referred to as 

 a symmetrical or median plane (for an exception, see Fig. 1, D). The 

 plane at right angles to the vertical plane I call the horizontal plane; 

 it divides the harpoon into a dorsal and a ventral part, hence I can 

 speak of a dorsal, ventral and lateral face. Fig. 1 shows four typical 

 forms of harpoons, of which A — С are symmetrical. The corresponding 

 diagrammatic orientation of the planes is shown in Fig. 2. 



The main object of the harpoon is to fix the game struck to a line, 

 and thereby to a float, a boat, the ice or the hunter. In the case of 

 small game the intention is that the harpoon should simultaneously 



